Ma Shenglin | |
---|---|
Born | Yunnan |
Died | 1871 |
Allegiance | Pingnan Guo |
Years of service | 1872–1877 |
Rank | General |
Battles/wars | Panthay Rebellion |
Ma Shenglin | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 馬聖鱗 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 马圣鳞 | ||||||||||
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Ma Shenglin was a Hui Jahriyya Sufi rebel [1] who fought against the Qing dynasty in the Panthay Rebellion.
In the late 1860s,when Qing loyalist Muslim General Ma Rulong led the reconquest western Yunnan,Ma Shenglin defended town of Greater Donggou against Ma Rulong's army in a battle of in central Yunnan. Ma Shenglin was a Jahriyya order leader in Yunnan and a rebel commander. Mortar fire killed Ma in 1871. [2]
Ma Shenglin was the great uncle of Ma Shaowu,a descendant of Ma Mingxin and a relative of Ma Yuanzhang.
The Qianlong Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing,personal name Hongli,was the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He reigned officially from 1735 until his abdication in 1796,but retained ultimate power subsequently until his death in 1799,making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history as well as one of the longest-lived.
The Salar people are a Turkic ethnic minority in China who speak Salar,a Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch. They numbered 165,159 people in 2020,according to that year's national census.
Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE. There are an estimated 17–25 million Muslims in China,less than 2 percent of the total population. Though Hui Muslims are the most numerous group,the greatest concentration of Muslims reside in northwestern China’s Xinjiang autonomous region,which contains a significant Uyghur population. Lesser yet significant populations reside in the regions of Ningxia,Gansu and Qinghai. Of China's 55 officially recognized minority peoples,ten of these groups are predominantly Sunni Muslim.
Du Wenxiu was the Chinese Muslim leader of the Panthay Rebellion,an anti-Qing revolt in China during the Qing dynasty. Du Wenxiu was ethnically Han from both his parents and not Hui but was raised as a Muslim and led his rebellion as an anti-Manchu rebellion instead of a religious war by Muslims against non-Muslims.
The Dungan Revolt (1862–1877),also known as the Tongzhi Hui Revolt or Hui (Muslim) Minorities War,was a war fought in 19th-century western China,mostly during the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty. The term sometimes includes the Panthay Rebellion in Yunnan,which occurred during the same period. However,this article refers specifically to two waves of uprising by various Chinese Muslims,mostly Hui people,in Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia provinces in the first wave,and then in Xinjiang in the second wave,between 1862 and 1877. The uprising was eventually suppressed by Qing forces led by Zuo Zongtang.
Linxia City,once known as Hezhou,is a county-level city in the province of Gansu,China and the capital of the multi-ethnic Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the valley of the Daxia River,150 km (93 mi) southwest of the provincial capital Lanzhou.
Ma Hualong,was the fifth leader of the Jahriyya,a Sufi order (menhuan) in northwestern China. From the beginning of the anti-Qing Muslim Rebellion in 1862,and until his surrender and death in 1871,he was one of the main leaders of the rebellion.
Yusuf Ma Dexin was a Hui Chinese Hanafi-Maturidi scholar from Yunnan,known for his fluency and proficiency in both Arabic and Persian,and for his knowledge of Islam. He also went by the Chinese name Ma Fuchu. He used the Arabic name Abd al-Qayyum Ruh al-Din Yusuf. He was also styled as "Mawlana al-Hajj Yusuf Ruh al-Din Ma Fujuh".
Yang Zengxin was the ruler of Xinjiang after the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 until his assassination in 1928.
Ma is a Chinese family name. The surname literally means "horse". As of 2006,it ranks as the 14th most common Chinese surname in mainland China and the most common surname within the Muslim minority community,specifically the Hui people,Dongxiang people and Salar people. In 2019 it was the 13th most common surname in mainland China. A 2013 study found it to be the 13th most common,shared by 17,200,000 people or 1.290% of the population,with the province with the most being Henan. It is the 52nd name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.
During the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912),Islam was a significant religion in Northwestern China and Yunnan. There were five major Muslim rebellions during the Qing period. The first and last rebellions were caused by sectarian infighting between rival Sufi Muslim orders.
Ma Mingxin (1719–1781) was a Chinese Sufi master,the founder of the Jahriyya menhuan.
Jahriyya is a menhuan in China,commonly called the New Teaching (Xinjiao). Founded in the 1760s by Ma Mingxin,it was active in the late 18th and 19th centuries in what was then Gansu Province,when its followers were involved in a number of conflicts with other Muslim groups and in several rebellions against China's ruling Qing dynasty.
Ma Shaowu was a Hui born in Yunnan,in Qing Dynasty China. He was a member of the Xinjiang clique during the Republic of China.
Yihewani,or Ikhwan,is an Islamic sect in China. Its adherents are called Sunnaiti. It is of the Hanafi school,one of the four major schools of Sunni Islam. It is also referred to as "new teaching" or "latest teaching". Ikhwan (Yihewani),together with Qadim (Gedimu) and Xidaotang,are the three major sects of Islam in China. The Yihewani sect was labeled as the new teaching (xinjiao). In 1937 it divided into two groups.
Ma Rulong was a Chinese Muslim who originally rebelled against the Qing dynasty along with Du Wenxiu in the Panthay Rebellion. He later defected to the Qing side. After officially surrendering in 1862 his forces effectively occupied the capital of Yunnan. He then helped the Qing forces crush his fellow Muslim rebels,and defeated them. He was known by the name of Marshal Ma to Europeans and achieved almost total control in Yunnan province. He was the most powerful military official in the province after the war.
Ma Yuanzhang was a Chinese Sufi master,of the Jahriyya menhuan.
The vast majority of China's Muslims are Sunni Muslims,although a small minority are Shia.
The Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873),also known as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion,was a rebellion of the Muslim Hui people and other ethnic groups against the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province,as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest.
In the Jahriyya revolt of 1781 sectarian violence between two suborders of the Naqshbandi Sufis,the Jahriyya Sufi Muslims and their rivals,the Khafiyya Sufi Muslims,led to Qing intervention to stop the fighting between the two,which in turn led to a Jahriyya Sufi Muslim rebellion which the Qing dynasty of China crushed with the help of the Khufiyya (Khafiyya) Sufi Muslims.