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Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music, which remained vibrant throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to pop music. In spite of emigration and a well-developed connection to music imported from the rest of Europe and the United States, the music of Scotland has kept many of its traditional aspects; indeed, it has itself influenced many forms of music.
Scottish folk music is a genre of folk music that uses forms that are identified as part of the Scottish musical tradition. There is evidence that there was a flourishing culture of popular music in Scotland during the late Middle Ages, but the only song with a melody to survive from this period is the "Pleugh Song". After the Reformation, the secular popular tradition of music continued, despite attempts by the Kirk, particularly in the Lowlands, to suppress dancing and events like penny weddings. The first clear reference to the use of the Highland bagpipes mentions their use at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547. The Highlands in the early seventeenth century saw the development of piping families including the MacCrimmons, MacArthurs, MacGregors and the Mackays of Gairloch. There is also evidence of adoption of the fiddle in the Highlands. Well-known musicians included the fiddler Pattie Birnie and the piper Habbie Simpson. This tradition continued into the nineteenth century, with major figures such as the fiddlers Niel and his son Nathaniel Gow. There is evidence of ballads from this period. Some may date back to the late Medieval era and deal with events and people that can be traced back as far as the thirteenth century. They remained an oral tradition until they were collected as folk songs in the eighteenth century.
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Pibroch, piobaireachd or ceòl mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations. Strictly meaning "piping" in Scottish Gaelic, piobaireachd has for some four centuries been music of the Great Highland Bagpipe. Music of a similar nature, pre-dating the adoption of the Highland pipes, has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.
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Scottish fiddling may be distinguished from other folk fiddling styles by its particular precision of execution and energy in the delivery, for example, the rendering of the dotted-quaver/semi-quaver rhythmic patterns, commonly used in the Strathspey. Christine Martin, in her Traditional Scottish Fiddling players guide, discusses the techniques of "hack bowing", "the Scottish Snap", and "snap bowing". These techniques contrast quite sharply with the most common bowing patterns of Irish fiddling. The style has a very large repertoire consisting of a great variation of rhythms and key signatures. There is also a strong link to the playing of traditional Scottish bagpipes which is better known throughout the world.
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Griogair Labhruidh is a Scottish Gaelic poet, musician, and hip-hop producer/MC from Gartocharn with strong roots in the Gaelic tradition of Ballachulish in the Scottish Highlands. After many years recording the Gaelic traditions of his local area, Gaelic became his dominant language and he is one of the only musicians who can speak a mainland Gaelic dialect, rather than the standard Hebridean Gaelic. Well-versed in the ceòl mòr piping tradition of his own homeland, Labhruidh is a member of the Afro-Celt Sound System and has produced Gaelic music in non-traditional genres, such as hip-hop and fusion. In 2014, Labhruidh became the main vocalist for the Gaelic supergroup Dàimh. He was Gaelic Singer of the Year at the MG Alba Trad Music Awards of 2015. Labhruidh is planning to release a hip-hop album by the end of 2017, writing, recording and producing the first fusion album of its kind.
Christine Primrose is a Gaelic singer and music teacher. She was born in Carloway, Lewis, but she currently lives on the Isle of Skye.
Davy Steele was a Scottish folk musician and songwriter. He sang with Drinkers Drouth, Ceolbeg, and was a founding member of the Scottish folk supergroup Clan Alba. In 1998, Steele joined the Battlefield Band as lead vocalist and guitarist, and he also played the bouzouki and bodhrán. He was married to Patsy Seddon, a founding member of The Poozies. They had one child together and Steele had three more children from an earlier marriage. Steele was diagnosed with a brain tumor and died on April 11, 2001, in a hospice in Edinburgh.
References
- 1 2 3 Adams, Rob (28 January 1993). "Cream of the Gaels". Herald Scotland . Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ↑ "Scotland Sings Song Leader: Eilidh Mackenzie". Hands Up For Trad. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "Mac-Talla -- Mairidh Gaol is Ceòl". Temple Records . Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- ↑ "Alison Kinnaird". www.saltiresociety.org.uk. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ↑ "Alison Kinnaird MBE". Scottish Traditional Music Hall of Fame. 24 October 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ↑ "Christine Primrose". Scottish Traditional Music Hall of Fame. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- 1 2 Dorian, Frederick; Duane, Orla; McConnachie, James (1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides. pp. 269-270. ISBN 978-1858286358.
- ↑ McIntosh, Alastair (2018). Poacher's Pilgrimage: An Island Journey. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-5326-3445-1.
- ↑ Humphreys, Rob; Reid, Donald; Guides (Firm), Rough (2002). Scottish Highlands & Islands. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-880-2.
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