In the middle of the 19th century, an important Macedonian tomb, now known as Tomb A, was discovered near the Greek village of Korinos, at the site of ancient Pydna. In 1991 a second, smaller grave (Tomb B) was discovered and excavated.
These two tombs represent an important part of the history of Pieria.
Tomb A (40°19'35"N, 22°34'49"E) and tomb B (40°19'34.3"N, 22°34'37.6"E) are located just to the east and west, respectively, of highway A1 (E75) about 600 meters northwest of the village Korinos.
The French archaeologist Léon Heuzey discovered tomb A (also called Heuzey tomb) during his Greek journey in 1855. A first description of the place was made in 1860. The excavations began one year later. Together with Honoré Daumet, Heuzey published his findings of the excavation work in 1876.
Tomb A was reopened by the Greek archaeologist Matheos Besios in 1991, the same year when he discovered and excavated tomb B.
Both tombs had already been plundered by grave robbers who had removed some keystones of the vault to gain access. The identity of who was once was buried in either of the tombs is unknown. The elaborate building design points to important persons. Heuzey had almost all the usable and transportable artifacts (except one stone block with the relief of a snake, two doors and smaller artifacts) transported to France. They are either displayed or stored in the Louvre. The exact dating of the tombs is controversial. The period extends from the 4th century BC (Richter), to the early 2nd century BC (Miller). [1] Recent findings show, that the construction of tombs took place during the late 4th century BC and they were in use until the beginning of the 3rd century BC. [2]
The archaeologists Hans v. Mangoldt and Konstantinos Noulas, carried out an exact measurement of the tombs.
Both tombs are clearly recognizable as hills. They are (nowadays) greened and covered with pines. In both tombs the grave is not located at the center of the tumulus, instead, they were each placed to the left of the main axis (as seen from the entrance), presumably to deceive grave robbers. As was customary in Macedonia at this time, the tombs were erected during the lifetime of those later buried there. [3]
The monument is located directly at the motorway at the service area of Korinos (east of the motorway) and is accessible from there. The tomb has a diameter of 60 meters and is 15 meters high. The total length of the tomb is 22 meters, making it the largest Macedonian tomb (as of November 2018), discovered in Pieria. [4] The external entrance, which is over four meters in length, was filled with clay, bricks or stones on both sides, the individual layers can be clearly distinguished from each other. The facade is only preserved in parts and has been reconstructed in places. Heuzey had found the facade still intact. The tomb was once closed by a wall and a door behind it. The two-wing marble door has been modeled as a wooden door. Thus, imaginary fittings and nails are clearly visible. Both door wings are still preserved. The hollows in the doors suggest that bronze rings were originally attached to them. The access to the tomb chamber is marked with a distinct slope and also drops downwards in the height. An arched passage (Dromos) leads down to the first antechamber. The corridor is built of stone blocks that were once plastered. The ceiling is rounded (rounded) and closed at its highest point with key stones. Isolated remains show that the plaster was once painted. The painting was modeled as a marble surface. The floor of the corridor consists of a mosaic like covering, in which pebbles are embedded. [5]
The Dromos section, which is about 11 meters long and 2 meters wide, opens into a forecourt (courtyard) decorated by a Doric gable and a Doric triglyphs. The courtyard was painted, remains of the red color are clearly recognizable. A passage leads from the forecourt to the 1.5 meter long and 3 meter wide antechamber of the tomb.
The burial chamber, measuring 3 by 4 meters, was protected by heavy doors. In order to be able to open them more easily, there was a mechanical device. The doors can be seen in the Louvre in Paris. The forecourt, the antechamber and the tomb chamber are covered by a common vault.
It is assumed that a couple was buried in the grave. A couch, which probably belonged to the man, was guarded by a dog, the second couch by the snake. The tomb chamber was plastered and painted; there are hooks to attach burial objects. [6] Only the bones of the deceased, pottery shards, and an oil lamp, which might has been left from the grave robbers, were found.
Inscriptions (the earliest from 1948) show the tomb was temporarily used by shepherds to accommodate their herds.
The smaller Tomb B is located south of the service area Korinos (west of the motorway) and is accessible from a parallel road. The mound has a diameter of 40 meters and is 13 meters high. [7] The tomb consists of a vaulted passage, a 1.5 x 3 meter measuring antechamber and the 3 by 3 meter grave chamber. The antechamber was secured by a wall and by a two-winged door. The door, which was found broken but has since been restored and reattached, is made of limestone which was once plastered and is very heavy. The floor of the antechamber and the tomb are laid out with stone slabs, the walls are decorated with a circulating meander.
In the tomb chamber were found remains of a cremation and a body burial. Preserved are stone bases on which presumably wooden couches rested. It is painted with circulating dentils and a frieze. Two bronze coins, two greaves, ceramics, and fragments of other objects were found as remaining grave items. On the walls and ceiling are fastened hooks to attach burial objects. [8]
Tomb WV22, also known as KV22, was the burial place of the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III. Located in the Western arm of the Valley of the Kings, the tomb is unique in that it has two subsidiary burial chambers for the pharaoh's wives Tiye and Sitamen. It was officially discovered by Prosper Jollois and Édouard de Villiers du Terrage, engineers with Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in August 1799, but had probably been open for some time. The tomb was first excavated by Theodore M. Davis, the details of which are lost. The first documented clearance was carried out by Howard Carter in 1915. Since 1989, a Japanese team from Waseda University led by Sakuji Yoshimura and Jiro Kondo has excavated and conserved the tomb. The sarcophagus is missing from the tomb. The tomb's layout and decoration follow the tombs of the king's predecessors, Amenhotep II (KV35) and Thutmose IV (KV43); however, the decoration is much finer in quality. Several images of the pharaoh's head have been cut out and can be seen today in the Louvre.
Tomb KV47, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Siptah of the Nineteenth Dynasty. It was discovered on December 18, 1905 by Edward R. Ayrton, excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis; Siptah's mummy had been found earlier, cached in KV35. It was the last of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasty kings tombs to be uncovered in the Valley. Ayrton stopped his excavation in 1907 due to safety fears, and Harry Burton returned in 1912 to dig further. The cutting of a side passage was halted after the workmen cut into Side Chamber Ja of the tomb of Tia'a (KV32). The tomb was unfinished at the time of its use.
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Pydna is an ancient Greek city in the regional unit of Pieria, Central Macedonia, Greece. It is an important place in the history of Pieria and a major archaeological site located directly at the Aegean Sea, 16 km northeast of Katerini, 28 km north-east of Dion and 2.5 km from the village of Makrygialos. Nearby are two Macedonian tombs, discovered by the French archaeologist Heuzey during his Greek travels in the mid-19th century. Furthermore, the fortress-like bishop's seat Louloudies is located a few kilometers south of Pydna.
Ancient Methone, also called Thracian or Macedonian Methone to distinguish it from Messenian Methone was a polis in Ancient Greece, near the city of Pydna and the modern village of Nea Agathoupolis in Pieria. According to Plutarch, Methone was founded as a Greek colony in the year 733/732 BC. Methone gained special importance by the finding of labeled pottery and potsherds. It is one of the oldest testimonies of Greek writing and an important place in the history of Pieria.
At works to recover clay, two Macedonian tombs were discovered north of Katerini.
This is a reflection of the main historical events in Pieria (Πιερία), Central Macedonia.
There are some Macedonian tombs and the necropolises of Pydna around ancient Pydna and beside the ancient road from Methone in the north to Dion in the south. The oldest tombs are from the Bronze Age; the youngest are from the early Christian period. Smaller tumuli have eroded over time and are no longer visible. Most excavations have had to be carried out to save the sites. The finds in both areas show a shrinking population during the second Greek colonization.
Pigi Artemidos is a Bronze Age settlement.
Coordinates: 40°19′35″N22°34′48″E / 40.326351°N 22.579930°E