This article needs additional citations for verification .(May 2008) |
Malaysia LNG (MLNG) is a liquefied natural gas manufacturer in Malaysia. It operates in the 9 liquefaction modules PETRONAS LNG Complex, Bintulu, Sarawak. In 2007, it was the largest LNG manufacturing complex.[ citation needed ] Currently, top 5 largest LNG plant in the world as of 2022.
Malaysia LNG Sdn. Bhd. (MLNG Satu) was incorporated on 14 June 1978 in order to build first Malaysian LNG Plant of three trains with a capacity of 2.7 million ton per annum (Mtpa) each. [1] Its first liquefied natural gas (LNG) was delivered in January 1983 (the first cargo dispatched on 29 January 1983).
On 1 June 1992, Malaysia LNG Dua Sdn Bhd (MLNG Dua) was incorporated to manage and operate the second LNG plant of three trains with 2.6 Mtpa capacity each. Its first LNG was delivered in May 1995.
On 8 November 1995, Malaysia LNG Tiga Sdn Bhd (MLNG Tiga) was incorporated to manage and operate the third LNG plant of two trains with 3.6 Mtpa capacity each. Its first LNG was delivered in March 2003.
In 2012, Petronas LNG 9 Sdn Bhd (PL9SB) was incorporated to own the 9th LNG liquefaction Train at the Petronas LNG Complex (PLC). Its first LNG was delivered in September 2016. [2]
("Satu" meaning one, "dua" meaning two and "tiga" meaning three in Malay).
The LNG plant is located in Bintulu, in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It consists of 9 LNG trains, of which three belong to MLNG Satu (the first joint venture), another three to MLNG Dua, two to MLNG Tiga and one to Train 9 (PL9SB). All four projects are located on one site, all use liquefaction technology developed by Air Products & Chemicals Inc. (APCI) and share common facilities. In 2005, the total installed capacity was 21.85 Mtpa of LNG and there was an upgrading project to increase the capacity by 1.4 Mtpa. Train 9 will add an additional 3.6 MTPA capacity to the complex. [3]
The plant has seven LNG storage tanks capable of holding 445,000 cubic metres (15,715,030 cu ft) of LNG. Satu initially had four storage tanks at 65,000m³ each, while the addition of Dua added another 65,000m³. Lastly, Tiga added an extra LNG storage tank with a capacity of 120,000m³. [4] A seventh LNG tank has been constructed, as part of an expansion project. [5]
The plant also produces liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from its LPG plant as a source of boiler off gas from the process plant.
The LNG and LPG are transported via MLNG Jetty Terminal. The terminal consists of three LNG jetties and one LPG jetty. The MLNG terminal contributed to achieving the 12345th LNG cargo delivery in 2022 with 100% success rate.
The LNG plant acquires its natural gas via pipeline from offshore of Bintulu, Miri and Sabah from its partners Petronas Carigali and Royal Dutch Shell.
In 2005, Malaysia LNG exported 21.85 million ton of LNG. LNG is exported through Bintulu port ex-ship (for all term Japanese sales) and FOB (for some Korean volumes) on various sized ships. Malaysia Dua has agreed a sale ex-ship to Sendai City Gas and Saibu Gas using small ships. These vessels of 18,928 cu.m. can cause some operational problems as they are relatively slow in loading and occupy one of the berths at Bintulu that is also used for larger ships.
Japan buys 65 percent of Malaysian LNG, and this represented 22 percent of Japan's LNG requirements in 2005. Other importers are Korea (26 percent) and Taiwan (9 percent). In addition to the export on a long-term basis, MLNG also sells LNG on the spot market to the Asia region and the Atlantic Basin. As Russian-Ukraine conflict and sanctions towards Russia by European countries, European countries such as United Kingdom, Croatia and France acquired LNG from MLNG.
Malaysia LNG is a subsidiary of the Malaysian national oil and gas company Petronas, which is a majority shareholder in all three LNG Ventures (MLNG Satu, MLNG Dua and MLNG Tiga). Besides Petronas, Royal Dutch Shell, Mitsubishi, JX Nippon Oil and the Sarawak Government hold a minority stake.
The complete breakdown of the ownership structure for all Malaysia LNG projects are:
MLNG Satu - Petronas 90 percent, Mitsubishi 5 percent and Sarawak State Government 5 percent
MLNG Dua - Petronas 60 percent, Mitsubishi 15 percent, Shell 15 percent and Sarawak State Government 10 percent
MLNG Tiga - Petronas 60 percent, Shell 15 percent, Nippon Oil 10 percent, Sarawak State Government 10 percent and Mitsubishi (Diamond Gas) 5 percent
Petronas LNG Train 9 - Petronas 90 percent and Nippon Oil 10 percent [6]
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state at standard conditions for temperature and pressure.
Miri is a coastal city in north-eastern Sarawak, Malaysia, located near the border of Brunei, on the island of Borneo. The city covers an area of 997.43 square kilometres (385.11 sq mi), located 798 kilometres (496 mi) north-east of Kuching and 329 kilometres (204 mi) south-west of Kota Kinabalu. Miri is the second-largest city in Sarawak, with a population of 356,900 as of 2020. The city is also the capital of Miri District, Miri Division.
National Petroleum Berhad, commonly known as Petronas, is a global Malaysian energy company with a presence in over 100 countries. Established in 1974, it is a legal entity incorporated under the Malaysian Companies Act and reports to the company's Board of Directors. The corporation is vested with all oil and gas resources in Malaysia and is entrusted with the responsibility of developing and adding value to these resources. In the annual Fortune Global 500 list for 2022, Petronas was ranked at 216th. It also ranked 48th globally in the 2020 Bentley Infrastructure 500.
Tanjung Kidurong, known as simply Kidurong, is a port township in Bintulu District, Sarawak, Malaysia. Approximately 15 minutes from the centre of Bintulu, Kidurong functions as the main industrial core of the Bintulu area. The MLNG Complex, which is the largest single gas manufacturing complex in the world, is in Kidurong. Shell and Murphy are among the other oil and gas multinationals that operate in the Kidurong Industrial Estate. The oil and gas industry in the Kidurong Industrial Area since the 1980s has brought along an expatriate community, who also live in Kidurong, notably around Tamam Matahari and MLNG Housing. This has also led to a higher price of homes in Kidurong, compared to the other suburbs in Bintulu town. There is also a fairly large squatter community around the Sg. Plan area, which is roughly 3 km (1.9 mi) from the middle-class and prosperous neighbourhoods in the area. Most of the squatters came from rural areas in search of a better life in Bintulu.
Sipitang is the capital of the Sipitang District in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysia. Its population was estimated to be around 4,298 in 2010. It is the closest town in Sabah to the Sarawak border, and is 44 kilometres south of Beaufort and 144 kilometres south of Kota Kinabalu, the state capital and also is 123 kilometres north of Long Pasia, one of the famous attraction in Sabah.
MISC Berhad was incorporated in 1968 as Malaysia International Shipping Corporation Berhad and is the leading international shipping line of Malaysia. In September 2005, Malaysia International Shipping Corporation Berhad adopted its present corporate identity and changed its name to MISC Berhad. Its main shareholder is Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas), the national oil conglomerate of Malaysia. The principal business of the corporation consist of ship owning, ship operating, other shipping related activities, owning and operating of offshore floating facilities as well as marine repair, marine conversion and engineering and construction works. With a fleet of more than 120 vessels and a combined tonnage of more than 13,000,000 DWT.
Bintulu is a coastal town on the island of Borneo in the central region of Sarawak, Malaysia. Bintulu is located 610 kilometres northeast of Kuching, 216 kilometres northeast of Sibu, and 200 kilometres southwest of Miri. With a population of 114,058 as of 2010, Bintulu is the capital of the Bintulu District of the Bintulu Division of Sarawak, Malaysia.
QatarEnergy, formerly Qatar Petroleum (QP), is a state owned petroleum company of Qatar. The company operates all oil and gas activities in Qatar, including exploration, production, refining, transport, and storage. The President & CEO is Saad Sherida al-Kaabi, Minister of State for Energy Affairs. The company's operations are directly linked with state planning agencies, regulatory authorities, and policy making bodies. Together, revenues from oil and natural gas amount to 60% of the country's GDP. As of 2018 it was the third largest oil company in the world by oil and gas reserves. In 2022, the company had total revenues of US$52bn, a net income of US42.4bn, and total assets of US$162bn. In 2021, QatarEnergy was the fifth largest gas company in the world.
GAIL (India) Limited is an Indian state-owned energy corporation with primary interests in the trade, transmission and production distribution of natural gas. GAIL also has interests in the exploration and production solar and wind power, telecom and telemetry services (GAILTEL) and electricity generation. GAIL was founded as the Gas Authority of India Ltd. in August 1984 under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas to build, operate and maintain the HVJ Gas Pipeline. On 1 February 2013, the Indian government conferred GAIL with Maharatna status along with 11 other Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
The Brunei LNG (BLNG) is the LNG plant in Lumut, Brunei. It is the largest oil and gas producer in the country. Moreover as of 2006, Brunei has been the 4th largest oil producer in Southeast Asia and the 9th largest LNG producer in the world.
SEGAS LNG is a liquefied natural gas (LNG) complex in Damietta, Egypt. It is located 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Port Said. The name SEGAS comes from the Spanish Egyptian Gas Company. The complex consists of a single LNG train capable of liquifying up to 5 million tons of natural gas per year and is one of two LNG export plants in Egypt.
Iran LNG, also known as NIOC LNG, is a LNG plant under development at Tombak Port, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Assaluyeh Port and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of Kangan, Iran.
A floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility is a floating production storage and offloading unit that conducts liquefied natural gas (LNG) operations for developing offshore natural gas resources. Floating above an offshore natural gas field, the FLNG facility produces liquefied stores and transfers LNG at sea before carriers ship it directly to markets.
Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex (PIPC) is a megaproject development in Pengerang, Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia. It spans over an area of 80 km2 and will house oil refineries, naphtha crackers, petrochemical plants, liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals and a regasification plant upon completion.
Petroleum Sarawak Berhad (PETROS) is a state-owned oil and gas exploration firm established and owned by the State Government of Sarawak.
LNG Canada Development Inc. is an industrial joint venture established to construct a liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal in Kitimat, British Columbia, Canada. The consortium is led by Shell and also includes Petronas, PetroChina, Mitsubishi, and Korea Gas. The Kitimat terminal will export LNG produced in the Montney Formation near Dawson Creek, B.C by the project's partners.
Brunei Energy Services & Trading Sdn Bhd (BEST) is a company based in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. Established in 2012 as PB Trading Sdn Bhd, it was previously a subsidiary of Brunei National Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad, also known as PetroleumBRUNEI. Following a restructure of PetroleumBRUNEI and its subsidiaries, the regulatory authority is now known as Petroleum Authority, whilst the trading and services arm of PetroleumBRUNEI was renamed as BEST, and is now under the purview of the Ministry of Finance and Economy. BEST also provides the manpower and resources to its sister companies, Brunei Energy Exploration Sdn Bhd and Brunei Energy Production Sdn Bhd (BEP).
Nigeria LNG Train 7 is an expansion under construction at the Nigeria LNG Terminal in Bonny Island, Nigeria. It is one of the most ambitious construction projects in Nigeria, second only to the nearly completed Dangote refinery.
The first plant, Sakhalin II, was completed in Russia in 2009 having utilised the skills of Shell plc, who had sold 50% of the project to Gazprom in 2006. Prior to 2017 Gazprom was the sole producer of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in Russia.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)