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Velama is an upper caste found mainly in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The earliest occurrence of Velama as a term for a community dates from the 17th century. In caste based hierarchy they hold the highest position along with Reddy, Kapu/Telaga and Kamma castes. In Telangana they are called "Dora"(Lord) by other castes, a term that implies a high level of respect.The modern Velama community is segmented into four distinct categories: Padmanayaka Velama, Adi Velama, Koppula Velama, and Polinati Velama. These groups, although separate, share a common social identity and are unified under the Velama Community.
Kapu is a Hindu caste mainly found in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. They are classified as a Forward caste. They are a community of land-owning agriculturists. Historically, they have also been warriors and military generals (Nayakas) in Hindu armies. They are a dominant caste of Andhra Pradesh. Kapus commonly carry the title Naidu. They are primarily present in Coastal Andhra with major concentration in the Godavari-Krishna delta region.
The Kalachuris of Kalyani, also Southern Kalachuris, were a 12th-century Indian dynasty, who ruled over parts of present-day northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. This dynasty rose to power in the Deccan region between 1156 and 1181 CE.
Macherla is a town in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Macherla mandal in Gurazala revenue division.
Telaga is a community found in Coastal Andhra region of India. Telaga is a subcaste of Kapu and both terms are often used synonymously. They are classified as a Forward caste. They are a land-owning agrarian community. Historically, they were a warrior caste known for their honour and bravery.
Burra Katha or Burrakatha, is an oral storytelling technique in the Jangam Katha tradition, performed in villages of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The troupe consists of one main performer and two co-performers. It is a narrative entertainment that consists of prayers, solo drama, dance, songs, poems and jokes. The topic will be either a Hindu mythological story or a contemporary social issue. It became a popular art form during the Telangana Rebellion in the early 1930-1950's.
Gurazala is a town in Palnadu district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Gurazala mandal, Gurazala Assembly constituency and Gurazala revenue division.It was formed as a Nagar Panchayat combining panchayats of Gurazala and (J.M.Puram) Jangamaheswarapuram in 2020 by the government of Andhra Pradesh. The town has a history over 900+ years in the historical palnadu times and served as the headquarters/capital of the region during 11th century.
The recorded history of Andhra Pradesh, one of the 28 states of 21st-century India, begins in the Vedic period. It is mentioned in Sanskrit epics such as the Aitareya Brahmana. Its sixth-century BCE incarnation Assaka lay between the Godavari and Krishna Rivers, one of sixteen mahajanapadas. The Satavahanas succeeded them, built Amaravati, and reached a zenith under Gautamiputra Satakarni.
Karempudi is a village in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Karempudi mandal in Gurazala revenue division.
Nayakuralu Nagamma was a 12th-century renowned statesperson and minister to King Nalagama, who held the power of kingdom in her hands, under the ruler of Palanadu in Guntur District. She is Ramireddy's daughter. She is one of the key characters, along with Bramha Naidu, in the epic war - Palnati Yudham set in the medieval Andhra Pradesh, a southern state of India.
Palanati Brahmanaidu ; real name: Seelam Brahma Naidu, was the minister in a small Andhra kingdom of Palnadu. He was responsible for the administration of Palnadu ruled by Haihaya Chief Nalagama. He tried to usher in a new era in which caste distinctions would be abolished. Differences in ideology and court conspiracies led to Brahma Naidu leaving with his supporters, from the court of Gurajala ruled by Nalagamaraju. Nalagama's half brother Malideva established a domain with the support of Brahmanaidu at Macherla.
The titti is a type of bagpipe played in Andhra Pradesh, India, made from an entire goat-skin. The instrument is described as a goatskin with a double-reed inserted into one leg, and a bamboo blowpipe into the other. The term tittii is used in Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam.
It is not easy to trace out the origins of the Telugu folk literature, for that matter any folk literature. It is as difficult as tracing the origin of a language. In other words, one can argue that the origin and existence of any folk literature can be a parallel phenomenon along with that language, because the folk expressive traditions of any ethnic group are much earlier than the language of that particular ethnic group. Need not say about the developed literature in written tradition. The cave paintings and line drawings found in different archeological sites prove the ability of the creative expressions of prehistoric human beings even before they were not able to speak. The addition of verbal creativity in latter periods has widened the folk expressive tradition in another medium that is verbal folk arts or the folk literature. Therefore, the existence of any folk literature can go back to the time of the given language correspondingly.
Palnati Yuddham is a 1966 Indian Telugu-language historical war film directed by G. Ramineedu. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Bhanumathi with music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao. The film is based on the Battle of Palnadu which occurred in Palnadu region in c. 1180 CE. It was produced by T. Hanumantha Rao, Y. Lakshmaiah Chowdary, and D. Suryanarayana under the Sri Anurupa Films banner. The film was first made under the same title in 1947. It received the Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Telugu at the 13th National Film Awards.
Macherla Assembly constituency is a constituency in Palnadu district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of the Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency.
Kammari is a Hindu caste of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are a community of blacksmiths by occupation and are one of the five Viswakarma communities. They are classified under Other Backward Class (OBC) list.
The Battle of Palnadu took place sometime in the years 1178–1182 CE between a Haihaya king called Nalagamaraju, who ruled the area of Gurazala in Palnadu, and his step-brother Malidevaraju who ruled the area of Macherla. Nalagamaraju was supported by Nayakuralu Nagamma while Malidevaraju was supported by Seelam Brahmanaidu, a social reformer.
Palnadu district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. With Narasaraopet as its administrative headquarters, it was formed on 4 April 2022 to become one of the resultant twenty-six districts The district was formed from Gurazala, Sattenapalli and Narasaraopet revenue divisions from Palnadu district. The district covers most of the Palnadu region.
Rayamurari Sovideva was a king of the Kalyana Kalachuris or Southern Kalachuris, who ruled over parts of present-day northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. Sovideva's rule was a "reign of terror", persecuted insurgents and the followers of Basavanna.
References
- ↑ Palnati Veera Charitra. VENKAT RAMA & CO EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS.
- ↑ Itihas. Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1990.
- 1 2 Roghair, Gene (1982). Epic of Palnadu: Study and Translation of Palnati Virula Katha, a Telugu Oral Tradition from Andhra Pradesh. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-815456-3.
- ↑ Bommareddi, Aruna (29 October 2019). Narrative Traditions of a Telugu Epic: Paln?tiv?rula Katha. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64678-733-3.
- ↑ "43. Rayamurari Sovideva". Great History Of Mudiraja Caste.
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