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The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526). Following the invasion of South Asia by the Ghurid dynasty, five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh as well as some parts of southern Nepal.
The Khalji or Khilji dynasty was a Turco-Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate for three decades between 1290 and 1320. It was the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate which covered large swaths of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji.
Aram Shah was the second Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He briefly held the throne from Lahore after the unexpected death of Qutb ud-Din Aibak before being defeated and dethroned by Iltutmish who began ruling from Delhi.
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Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī, also known as Bakhtiyar Khalji, was a Turko-Afghan military general of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor, who led the Muslim conquests of the eastern Indian regions of Bengal and parts of Bihar and established himself as their ruler. He was the founder of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, which ruled Bengal for a short period, from 1203 to 1227 CE.
Shah Turkan, was the mother of 13th-century Mamluk ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, Ruknuddin Firuz. She became queen mother after her son ascended to the throne in 1236.
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The siege of Gwalior was a military expedition of The Ghurid Dynasty aganist the Kachchhapaghata dynasty in 1196. The Ghurids under Qutb ud-Din Aibak captured Gwalior after defeating Sulakshanapala, the King of Kachchhapaghata. Sulakshanapala surrendered to Aibak, which led to the complete end of Rajput Kachchhapaghata dynasty
The Battle of Jhain, or the siege of Jhain, was a military expedition carried out by the Delhi Sultanate under Jalal-ud-din Khalji against the Rajput kingdom of the Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura. It commenced in 1291, and the Sultanate forces defeated the Rajput forces under Gurdan Saini and captured the city of Jhain.
The Gajapati invasion of Bidar in 1461 was a significant military expedition by Kapilendra Deva of the Gajapati Empire against the Bahmani Sultanate. This event unfolded in the aftermath of Humayun Shah Bahmani's demise and the subsequent ascent of Nizam Shah Bahmani to the throne. The primary objective of the campaign was to seize Bidar, the present-day region of Karnataka. Backed by Kakatiya chiefs, the Gajapati forces engaged in a decisive conflict with the Bahmani forces led by Muhibullah. The outcome saw the defeat of the Gajapatis, compelling the submission of Kapilendra.
References
- ↑ Katoch, Manabi (2017-10-17). "Kotwals to IPS: The Fascinating Histories Behind Some of India's State Police Forces". The Better India. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ↑ Limca Book of Records. Bisleri Beverages Limited. 2001.
- ↑ A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat, A.D. 1206-1526. Orient Longmans. 1970.
- ↑ Sahoo, Alka (2008). Women in Police Profession: An Emperical[sic] Case of Delhi Police. Academic Excellence. ISBN 978-81-89901-43-1.
- ↑ "73rd Raising Day: A peek into Delhi Police's history". The Indian Express. 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ↑ "Delhi Police Raising Day: How the force came into existence and all you need to know". News9live. 2022-02-16. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ↑ Service, Statesman News (2019-11-15). "Watchdogs in Uniform". The Statesman. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ↑ O'Brien, Derek (2007-07-17). The Ultimate India Quiz Book. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-344-0.
- ↑ Goel, Sunil (2005). Courts Police Authorities & Common Man. Sunil Goel. ISBN 978-81-907218-0-6.
- ↑ Habib, Mohammad (1974). Politics and Society During the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib. People's Publishing House.
- ↑ Calcutta Review. University of Calcutta. 1949.
- ↑ Dihlavī, Amīr Khusraw (1976). قران السعدين (in Persian). مركز تحقيقات فارسي ايران و پاكستان،.
- ↑ A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526), ed. by Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami. People's Publishing House. 1970.
- ↑ Lal, Kishori Saran (1967). History of the Khaljis, A.D. 1290-1320. Asia Publising House.