Related Research Articles
African immigrants in Europe are individuals residing in Europe who were born in Africa, this includes both individuals born in North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Migrants' routes cover the main geographical routes from tropical Africa towards Europe taken by people attempting to gain residence and work opportunities unavailable in their home countries. Although most migrants have Europe as their intended destination, alternative routes are also directed towards South Africa and Asia.
In 2020, Istat estimated that 5,039,637 foreign citizens lived in Italy, representing about 8.4% of the total population. These figures do not include naturalized foreign-born residents as well as illegal immigrants, the so-called clandestini, whose numbers, difficult to determine, are thought to be at least 670,000. Around 6,200,000 people residing in Italy have an immigration background. The distribution of foreign born population is largely uneven in Italy: in 2020, 61.2% of foreign citizens lived in Northern Italy, 24.2% in the Central Italy, 10.8% in the South Italy and 3.9% in the Insular Italy. The children born in Italy to foreign mothers were 102,000 in 2012, 99,000 in 2013 and 97,000 in 2014.
The European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) is an agency created by European Union Regulation 439/2010 to increase the cooperation of EU member states on asylum, improve the implementation of the Common European Asylum System, and support member states under pressure.
The 2015 European migrant crisis, also known internationally as the Syrian refugee crisis, was a period of significantly increased movement of refugees and migrants into Europe in 2015, when 1.3 million people came to the continent to request asylum, the most in a single year since World War II. Those requesting asylum in Europe in 2015 were mostly Syrians, but also included significant numbers of Afghans, Nigerians, Pakistanis, Iraqis and Eritreans, as well as economic migrants from the Balkans.
Operation Triton was an operation conducted by Frontex, the European Union's border security agency. The operation, under Italian control, began on 1 November 2014 and ended on 1 February 2018 when it was replaced by Operation Themis. It involved voluntary contributions from 15 other European nations. Voluntary contributors to Operation Triton included Croatia, Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Switzerland, Romania, Poland, Lithuania and Malta. The operation was undertaken after Italy ended Operation Mare Nostrum, which had become too costly for a single country to fund; it was costing the Italian government €9 million per month for an operation that lasted 12 months. The Italian government had requested additional funds from the other EU member states but they did not offer the requested support.
Operation Sophia, formally European Union Naval Force Mediterranean, was a military operation of the European Union that was established as a consequence of the April 2015 Libya migrant shipwrecks with the aim of neutralising established refugee smuggling routes in the Mediterranean. The operational headquarters was located in Rome. The EU mandate for the operation ended on March 31, 2020. Operation Irini is the successor operation.
Migrant crisis is the intense difficulty, trouble, or danger situation in the receiving state due to the movements of large groups of immigrants escaping from the conditions which negatively affected their situation at the country of origin (departure). The "crisis" situation is not the refugee numbers but the system's failure to respond in an orderly way to the government's legal obligations. Some notable crises are; European migrant crisis, English Channel migrant crisis and World War II evacuation and expulsion.
The Valletta Summit on Migration, also called the Valletta Conference on Migration, was a summit held in Valletta, Malta, on 11–12 November 2015, in which European and African leaders discussed the European migrant crisis. The summit resulted in the EU setting up an Emergency Trust Fund to promote development in Africa, in return for African countries to help out in the crisis.
This is a timeline of the European migrant crisis of 2015 and 2016.
Proactiva Open Arms (POA) is a Spanish NGO devoted to search and rescue (SAR) at sea. Set up in October 2015, it carried out its first rescue action that same month from its base on the Greek island of Lesbos.
Libya–European Union relations are the foreign relations between the country of Libya and the European Union.
Events in the year 2017 in Malta.
Immigration to Malta has increased significantly over the past decade. In 2011, immigration contributed to 4.9% of the total population of the Maltese islands in 2011, i.e. 20,289 persons of non-Maltese citizenship, of whom 643 were born in Malta. In 2011, most of migrants in Malta were EU citizens, predominantly from the United Kingdom.
The Libyan Coast Guard is organizationally part of the Libyan Navy, although it operates as a proxy force of the European Union in order to prevent migrants from reaching the EU's borders. As of 2015, the Libyan Coast Guard has over 1,000 personnel. Since 2015, it received $455 million from the European Union. The Libyan Coast Guard is involved in human trafficking, modern slavery, torture, and other human rights violations.
"Refugees as weapons", or "Weapon of Mass Migration" is a term used to describe a hostile government organizing, or threatening to organize, a sudden influx of refugees into another country with the intent of overwhelming its borders or causing political discomfort. It often exploits the targeted country's humanitarian obligations to take in refugees and hear their asylum claims. The responsible country usually seeks to extract concessions from the targeted country and achieve some political, military, and/or economic objective.
Turkey's migrant crisis, sometimes referred to as Turkey's refugee crisis was a period during the 2010s characterized by high numbers of people arriving in Turkey. Turkey received the highest number of registered refugees of any country or territory every year from 2014 to 2019, and had the world's largest refugee population according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The majority are refugees of the Syrian Civil War, numbering 3,591,892 as of June 2020. In 2018 the UNHCR reported that Turkey hosted 63.4% of all the "registered Syrian refugees."
Migration policy of the European Union - is a set of principles and measures used by member countries of the European Union aimed to regulate migration processes in the EU zone.
Externalization is efforts by wealthy, developed countries to prevent asylum seekers and other migrants from reaching their borders, often by enlisting third countries or private entities. Externalization is used by Australia, Canada, the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom. Although less visible than physical barriers at international borders, externalization controls or restrict mobility in ways that are out of sight and far from the country's border. Examples include visa restrictions, sanctions for carriers who transport asylum seekers, and agreements with source and transit countries. Consequences often include increased irregular migration, human smuggling, and border deaths.
References
- 1 2 "Informal meeting of EU heads of state or government, 03/02/2017 - Consilium". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- 1 2 Kanter, James (3 February 2017). "E.U. Vows to Slow Migration on Sea Route That Claimed Thousands of Lives". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- 1 2 "EU leaders in Malta, hoping to curb African migration". Reuters. 3 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "EU Leaders Step Up Libya Aid to Stem Migrant Flow to Europe". Bloomberg. 3 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "Migrant crisis: EU leaders agree plan to stop Libya influx". BBC News. 3 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "EU leaders hammer out Libya plan at Malta summit". Times of Malta. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "EU summit: Malta to prepare migration measures roadmap - draft declaration". Times of Malta. Retrieved 4 February 2017.