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Perak is a state of Malaysia on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. Perak has land borders with the Malaysian states of Kedah to the north, Penang to the northwest, Kelantan and Pahang to the east, and Selangor to the south. Thailand's Yala and Narathiwat provinces both lie to the northeast. Perak's capital city, Ipoh, was known historically for its tin-mining activities until the price of the metal dropped, severely affecting the state's economy. The royal capital remains Kuala Kangsar, where the palace of the Sultan of Perak is located. As of 2018, the state's population was 2,500,000. Perak has diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. The state's mountain ranges belong to the Titiwangsa Mountains, which is part of the larger Tenasserim Hills system that connects Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia.
The Malay Annals, originally titled Sulalatus Salatin, is a literary work that gives a romanticised history of the origin, evolution and demise of the great Malay maritime empire, the Malacca Sultanate. The work, which was composed sometime between the 15th and 16th centuries, is considered one of the finest literary and historical works in the Malay language.
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Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage.
Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak was the fifth and most famous bendahara, a Malay rank similar to a prime minister, of the Sultanate of Malacca. He served under four sultans from 1456 to 1498. Early in his life, Perak was a soldier-statesman for Malaccan rulers. In 1445, he led the Malaccan army to victory by defeating Siamese invaders. As a result, he was made bendahara in 1456.
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Sri Maharaja Sang Sapurba Paduka Sri Trimurti Tri Buana, (1245–1316) also known as Sri Nila Pahlawan, is a figure in the Malay Annals, highly revered as the legendary great ancestor of some of the major dynasties of the Malay world: Singapura, Malacca, Pahang, Johor, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu and Siak Sri Indrapura. Legend has it that after his accession to Seguntang Hill with his two younger brothers, Sang Sapurba enters into a sacred covenant with Demang Lebar Daun the native ruler of Palembang, which laid the basis of the proper relationship between the Malay rulers and the subjects. The legendary sword believed to be carried by the king, the Cura Si Manjakini, is now formed part of the regalia of Perak Sultanate, whose rulers are said directly descended from the king. The details of Sang Sapurba stories are mainly composed of folklore and legends, and thus his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. Even so, as De Jong argued in her article The Character of Malay Annals, the stories of the Malay Annals could have been realistically mixed with the historical figures and events.
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Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah I ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah was the first Sultan of Perak from 1528 to 1549.
Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Shah I was the third Sultan of Perak. He was the son of the second Sultan of Perak, Sultan Mansur Shah I.
Paduka Sri Sultan Mukaddam Shah was the sixth Sultan of Perak. He is the son of the sister of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin and Sultan Tajul Ariffin Shah, and he was the cousin of Raja Kecil Lasa Raja Inu. Before becoming Sultan, he was known as Raja Tua.
Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah I was the eighth Sultan of Perak. He was the brother of Alauddin Shah and Mansur Shah II, and grandson of the late Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Shah
Paduka Sri Sultan Alauddin Shah ibni Almarhum Raja Kecil Lasa Raja Inu was the fifth Sultan of Perak. He was the son of Raja Kecil Lasa Raja Inu and grandson of the late Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Shah.
Sultan Mansur Shah II ibni Almarhum Raja Kecil Lasa Raja Inu was the seventh Sultan of Perak. He was the brother of the fifth Sultan of Perak, Sultan Alauddin Shah, and grandson of the late Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Shah.
Sultan Muzaffar Shah II ibni Almarhum Raja Mahmud was the tenth Sultan of Perak who reigned from 1636 to 1653. He was the first Sultan of Perak to come from a different dynasty from the first nine Sultans of Perak. His paternal grandmother, Raja Putri Putih, was the daughter of Sultan Mansur Shah II of Pahang.
References
- ↑ Kim, Khoo Kay (1983). "Succession to the Perak Sultanate". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 56 (2): 8. JSTOR 41492955 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Winstedt, R. O.; Wilkinson, R. J. (June 1934). "A History of Perak". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 12 (1): 9. JSTOR 41559831 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Winstedt, R. O.; Wilkinson, R. J. (June 1934). "A History of Perak". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 12 (1): 125. JSTOR 41559831 – via JSTOR.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Sultan Mansur Shah". Sultan-Sultan Perak. Pejabat D.Y.M.M. Sultan Perak Darul Ridzuan. 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-02-20. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jasbindar, Freddie Aziz (17 January 2020). "Sultan Mansur Shah I (Sultan Perak ke 2)". www.orangperak.com. Retrieved 2022-08-28.