The Tupinambá are one of the various Tupi ethnic groups that inhabited present-day Brazil since before the conquest of the region by Portuguese colonial settlers. In the first years of contact with the Portuguese, the Tupinambás lived in the whole East coast of Brazil, and the name was also applied to other Tupi-speaking groups such as the Tupiniquim, Potiguara, Tupinambá, Temiminó, Caeté, Tabajara, Tamoio, and Tupinaé, among others.
Darcy Ribeiro was a Brazilian anthropologist, historian, sociologist, author and politician. His ideas have influenced several scholars of Brazilian and Latin American studies. As Minister of Education of Brazil he carried out profound reforms which led him to be invited to participate in university reforms in Chile, Peru, Venezuela, Mexico and Uruguay after leaving Brazil due to the 1964 coup d'état.
The Mawé, also known as the Sateré or Sateré-Mawé, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the state of Amazonas. They have an estimated population of about 13,350. The Sateré-Mawé were the first to domesticate and cultivate guaraná, a popular stimulant.
Eduardo Batalha Viveiros de Castro is a Brazilian anthropologist and a professor at the National Museum of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Kiriri people are indigenous people of Eastern Brazil. Their name is also spelled Cariri or Kariri and is a Tupi word meaning "silent" or "taciturn".
The Apinajé are an indigenous people of Brazil called Gê, living in the state of Tocantins, Eastern Central Brazil.
The Ticuna are an indigenous people of Brazil (36,000), Colombia (6,000), and Peru (7,000). They are the most numerous tribe in the Brazilian Amazon.
In Brazil, Indigenous Peoples Day, observed annually on April 19, recognizes and honours the indigenous peoples of Brazil. The date was created by President Getúlio Vargas by a decree in 1943, and recalls the day in 1940, in which several indigenous leaderships of the Americas decided to attend the First Inter-American Indian Congress, held in Mexico. The observance name was changed from "Indian Day" in 2022.
The Pai Tavytera are an indigenous people of Paraguay and Brazil. They primarily live in Amambay Department in Paraguay and the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
Daniel Munduruku is a Brazilian writer and educator. He is member of the Munduruku indigenous people. His children's books deal about traditional indigenous life and tales and have been awarded several prizes. Munduruku holds three undergraduate degrees in philosophy, History and Psychology. He has a master's degree in Social Anthropology and a doctorate in education by the University of São Paulo.
Mariza Corrêa was a Brazilian anthropologist and sociologist. She was professor at the Department of Anthropology of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp).
Joênia Wapichana is the first indigenous lawyer in Brazil and a member of the Wapixana tribe of northern Brazil. After taking a land dispute to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Wapixana became the first indigenous lawyer to argue before the Supreme Court of Brazil. She is the current president of the National Commission for the Defense of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Sônia Bone de Souza Silva Santos, usually known as Sônia Guajajara, is a Brazilian indigenous activist, environmentalist, and politician. A member of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL), she was initially a candidate for President of Brazil in the 2018 Brazilian general election, before being chosen as the vice presidential running mate of nominee Guilherme Boulos. This made her the first indigenous person to run for a federal executive position in Brazil. In 2022, Guajajara was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time.
Aparecida Sueli Carneiro Jacoel, best known as Sueli Carneiro is a Brazilian philosopher, writer and anti-racism activist. Carneiro is the founder and current director of Geledés — Instituto da Mulher Negra and a leading author on black feminism in Brazil.
Mary Lucy Murray Del Priore is a Brazilian historian and teacher. She wrote several books on the history of everyday Brazilian people during the colonial, imperial and Republican periods.
The pre-Columbian history of Brazil is the stage in Brazil's history before the arrival of the navigators Cristopher Columbus in 1492 and Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500, at a time when the region that is now Brazilian territory was occupied by thousands of indigenous peoples.
Juliana Cardoso is a Brazilian labor activist and São Paulo city councilor for the Brazilian Workers' Party. For a time she was the only woman representing the Workers' Party to the São Paulo city council.
Maria das Dores de Oliveira is a Pankararú linguist. She is best known as the first indigenous scholar to have obtained a doctoral degree in Brazil. Her research has focused on the description of the moribund Ofayé language of the Macro-Jê language family, spoken in Brazlândia, Mato Grosso do Sul.
Aldeia Itaóca is a Guarani/Guarani Mbya/Guarani Ñandeva indigenous village located within the municipality of Mongaguá in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The primary languages spoken are Guarani and Tupi-Guarani.
Ailton Alves Lacerda Krenak is a Brazilian writer, journalist, philosopher and indigenous movement leader of Krenak ethnicity. He was forcibly separated from his people, of which only 130 individuals are left, at age 9. When he was 17, he and his family migrated to the state of Paraná, where he was taught literacy and became a printing specialist and journalist. Krenak functioned as a representative of indigenous peoples at the debates on the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, where he covered himself in ritual face painting during a speech.
