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In commerce, supply chain management (SCM) deals with a system of procurement, operations management, logistics and marketing channels so that the raw materials can be converted into a finished product and delivered to the end customer. This can include the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, finished goods, and end to end order fulfilment from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Interconnected, interrelated or interlinked networks, channels and node businesses combine in the provision of products and services required by end customers in a supply chain.
A supply chain is a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products which later being distributed to end-consumers. Meanwhile, supply chain management deals with the flow of goods within the supply chain in the most efficient manner.
A chief technology officer (CTO), also known as a chief technical officer or chief technologist, is an executive-level position in a company or other entity whose occupation is focused on the scientific and technological issues within an organization.
The Forest Stewardship Council GmbH (FSC) is an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization established in 1993 that promotes responsible management of the world's forests via timber certification. It is an example of a market-based used as a transnational environmental policy.
The Consumer Federation of America (CFA) is a non-profit organization founded in 1968 to advance consumer interests through research, education and advocacy.
A social enterprise is an organization that applies commercial strategies to maximize improvements in financial, social and environmental well-being. This may include maximizing social impact alongside profits for co-owners.
Reverse logistics encompasses all operations related to the upstream movement of products and materials. It is "the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value, or proper disposal. Remanufacturing and refurbishing activities also may be included in the definition of reverse logistics." Growing green concerns and advancement of green supply chain management concepts and practices make it all the more relevant. The number of publications on the topic of reverse logistics have increased significantly over the past two decades. The first use of the term "reverse logistics" in a publication was by James R. Stock in a White Paper titled "Reverse Logistics," published by the Council of Logistics Management in 1992. The concept was further refined in subsequent publications by Stock (1998) in another Council of Logistics Management book, titled Development and Implementation of Reverse Logistics Programs, and by Rogers and Tibben-Lembke (1999) in a book published by the Reverse Logistics Association titled Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices. The reverse logistics process includes the management and the sale of surplus as well as returned equipment and machines from the hardware leasing business. Normally, logistics deal with events that bring the product towards the customer. In the case of reverse logistics, the resource goes at least one step back in the supply chain. For instance, goods move from the customer to the distributor or to the manufacturer.
The Conference Board, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit business membership and research group organization. It counts over 1,000 public and private corporations and other organizations as members, encompassing 60 countries. The Conference Board convenes conferences and peer-learning groups, conducts economic and business management research, and publishes several widely tracked economic indicators.
Ernest Henry Preeg (1934-2017) is an American economist from Virginia. He holds a B.S. in Marine Transportation from State University of New York Maritime College, an M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics from The New School of Social Research in New York City. He has served as U.S. Ambassador to Haiti from 1981 to 1983. He was a Senior Fellow with the Manufacturers Alliance (MAPI). Later, he gave testimony to Congress and the U.S. China Security Review Commission on manipulation of U.S. currency by China and Japan. In 2008, he presented at the Alfred P. Sloan Industry Studies Conference: Innovation in Global Industries.
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Carlos M. Cardoso is an American businessman. He is the Principal of CMPC Advisors and the former Non-Executive Chairman of Garrett Advancing Motion. Cardoso was the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Kennametal, a metalworking and tool production company headquartered in Latrobe, Pennsylvania.
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The Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) is a private organization working as a "Coalition of Action" from The Consumer Goods Forum (CGF) bringing together retailers and brand owners (manufacturers) from across the CGF membership operating as multistakeholder governance with objective to create "an extended food safety community to oversee food safety standards for businesses and help provide access to safe food for people everywhere". GFSI's work in benchmarking and harmonization aims to foster mutual acceptance of GFSI-recognized certification programmes across the industry with the ambition to enable a “once certified, accepted everywhere” approach.
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Nile University of Nigeria (NILE) is a private multidisciplinary university established in 2009 and located in Abuja, Nigeria. It is a member of the Honoris United Universities Network and accredited by the National Universities Commission. Currently, it has six faculties and a School of Postgraduate Studies offering 34 undergraduate programs and 47 postgraduate programs.
The Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association (MEMA) was founded in 1904. MEMA represents more than 1,000 companies that manufacture motor vehicle components and systems for the original equipment and aftermarket segments of the light vehicle and heavy-duty motor vehicle manufacturing industry in the United States. Motor vehicle component manufacturers are the largest employer of manufacturing jobs in the U.S., contributing nearly 3 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product. Motor vehicle parts suppliers generate a total direct and indirect employment impact of 4.26 million jobs, up nearly 18 percent since 2012.
Dr. Helmuth Ludwig is Global Head of Information Technology at Siemens AG, to which he was appointed in October 2016. Ludwig has held a range of strategic leadership positions in his more than 20-year career at Siemens.
The Consumer Council is an independent statutory authority in Hong Kong, established in 1974 and formalised in April 1977 under the Consumer Council Ordinance. Its role is to enhance consumer welfare and empower consumers to protect themselves. As shown below, over the course of the past four decades, the expansion in the council's duties and services on consumer protection, such as the publishing of the CHOICE Magazine in 1976, the recent launch of online price-watching tools, and conducting studies on different aspects of the consumer market, have coincided with the socio-economic development of Hong Kong. Apart from being a consumer advisor, it has assumed the role as a key stakeholder in making of consumer-related policies.
References
- ↑ "Homepage | Manufacturers Alliance".
- ↑ "StackPath". www.industryweek.com. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
- ↑ http://www.philly.com/inquirer/breaking/business_breaking/38561047.html Philadelphia Inquirer article
- ↑ "To minimize layoffs, employers cut worker hours". Christian Science Monitor. 2009-02-08. ISSN 0882-7729 . Retrieved 2022-11-08.
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