Related Research Articles
Pornography addiction is the scientifically controversial application of an addiction model to the use of pornography. Pornography may be part of compulsive sexual behavior with negative consequences to one's physical,mental,social,or financial well-being. While the World Health Organization's ICD-11 (2022) has recognized compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD) as an "impulsive control disorder",CSBD is not an addiction,and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 (2013) and the DSM-5-TR (2022) do not classify compulsive pornography consumption as a mental disorder or a behavioral addiction.
A food addiction or eating addiction is any behavioral addiction that is primarily characterized by the compulsive consumption of palatable food items which markedly activate the reward system in humans and other animals despite adverse consequences.
Problem gambling or ludomania is repetitive gambling behavior despite harm and negative consequences. Problem gambling may be diagnosed as a mental disorder according to DSM-5 if certain diagnostic criteria are met. Pathological gambling is a common disorder associated with social and family costs.
Impulse-control disorder (ICD) is a class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity –failure to resist a temptation,an urge,or an impulse;or having the inability to not speak on a thought. Many psychiatric disorders feature impulsivity,including substance-related disorders,behavioral addictions,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,autism spectrum disorder,fetal alcohol spectrum disorders,antisocial personality disorder,borderline personality disorder,conduct disorder and some mood disorders.
According to proponents of the concept,sexual addiction,also known as sex addiction,is a state characterized by compulsive participation or engagement in sexual activity,particularly sexual intercourse,despite negative consequences. The concept is contentious;neither of the two major mainstream medical categorization systems recognise sex addiction as a real medical condition,instead categorizing such behavior under labels such as compulsive sexual behavior.
Compulsive behavior is defined as performing an action persistently and repetitively. Compulsive behaviors could be an attempt to make obsessions go away. The act is usually a small,restricted and repetitive behavior,yet not disturbing in a pathological way. Compulsive behaviors are a need to reduce apprehension caused by internal feelings a person wants to abstain from or control. A major cause of compulsive behavior is said to be obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). "The main idea of compulsive behavior is that the likely excessive activity is not connected to the purpose to which it appears directed." There are many different types of compulsive behaviors including shopping,hoarding,eating,gambling,trichotillomania and picking skin,itching,checking,counting,washing,sex,and more. Also,there are cultural examples of compulsive behavior.
Dual diagnosis is the condition of having a mental illness and a comorbid substance use disorder. There is considerable debate surrounding the appropriateness of using a single category for a heterogeneous group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems. The concept can be used broadly,for example depression and alcohol use disorder,or it can be restricted to specify severe mental illness and substance use disorder,or a person who has a milder mental illness and a drug dependency,such as panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder and is dependent on opioids. Diagnosing a primary psychiatric illness in people who use substances is challenging as substance use disorder itself often induces psychiatric symptoms,thus making it necessary to differentiate between substance induced and pre-existing mental illness.
Internet addiction disorder (IAD) can otherwise be referred to as problematic internet use or pathological internet use. It is generally defined as problematic,compulsive use of the internet,that results in significant impairment in an individual's function in various aspects of life over a prolonged period of time. Young people are at particular risk of developing internet addiction disorder,with case studies highlighting students whose academic performance plummets as they spend more and more time online. Some also experience health consequences from loss of sleep,as they stay up later and later to chat online,check for social network status updates or to further progress in a game.
Behavioral addiction is a form of addiction that involves a compulsion to engage in a rewarding non-substance-related behavior –sometimes called a natural reward –despite any negative consequences to the person's physical,mental,social or financial well-being. Addiction canonically refers to substance abuse;however,the term's connotation has been expanded to include behaviors that may lead to a reward since the 1990s. A gene transcription factor known as ΔFosB has been identified as a necessary common factor involved in both behavioral and drug addictions,which are associated with the same set of neural adaptations in the reward system.
Addiction is generally a neuropsychological disorder defining pervasive and intense urge to engage in maladaptive behaviors providing immediate sensory rewards,despite their harmful consequences. Dependence is generally an addiction that can involve withdrawal issues. Addictive disorder is a category of mental disorders defining important intensities of addictions or dependences,which induce functional disabilities. There are no agreed definitions on these terms –see section on 'definitions'.
Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD),otherwise known as hypersexual disorder,is a pattern of behavior involving intense preoccupation with sexual fantasies and behaviours that cause significant levels of psychological distress,are inappropriately used to cope with stress,cannot be voluntarily curtailed,and risk or cause harm to oneself or others. This disorder can also cause impairment in social,occupational,personal,or other important functions.
Cynthia Marie Bulik is an American psychologist and author.
Mark S. Gold is an American physician,professor,author,and researcher on the effects of opioids,cocaine,tobacco,and other drugs as well as food on the brain and behavior. He is married to Janice Finn Gold.
Charles P. O'Brien is a research scientist,medical educator and a leading expert in the science and treatment of addiction. He is board certified in neurology,psychiatry and addiction psychiatry. He is currently the Kenneth E. Appel Professor of Psychiatry,and vice chair of psychiatry,in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
Hilary Patricia Blumberg is a medical doctor and the inaugural John and Hope Furth Professor of Psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine. She is also a professor of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging,and works in the Child Study Center at Yale where she has been a faculty member since 1998. She attended Harvard University as an undergraduate,and completed medical school at Cornell University Medical College (1990). She completed her medical internship and psychiatry residency at Cornell University Medical College/New York Hospital,and her neuroimaging fellowship training at Cornell University,Weill Medical College. She has received the 2006 National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) and the Gerald L. Klerman Award for Clinical Research. Blumberg has authored a number of scientific articles that focus on bipolar disorder,neuroimaging,and effects of specific genetic variations,developmental trajectories and structure-function relationships.
Nancy M. Petry was a psychologist known for her research on behavioral treatments for addictive disorders,behavioral pharmacology,impulsivity and compulsive gambling. She was Professor of Medicine at the University of Connecticut Health Center. Petry served as a member of the American Psychiatric Association Workgroup on Substance Use Disorders for the DSM-5 and chaired the Subcommittee on Non-Substance Behavioral Addictions. The latter category includes Internet addiction disorder and problem gambling. She also served as a member of the Board of Advisors of Children and Screens:Institute of Digital Media and Child Development.
Barry Keith Herman,M.D.,M.M.M.,CPE,DLFAPA,DLFAACAP,FACPE is an American board certified adult and child and adolescent psychiatrist,psychiatric administrator,and physician executive. He currently is Chief Medical Officer of Atentiv Health,a digital health specialty provider,since March,2020. Immediately prior,he was Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of Tris Pharmaceuticals,Inc. in Monmouth Junction,NJ. He left this position at Tris in January 2020. Herman's interests include psychiatric administration and management,healthcare policy,and psychopharmacological research. He has spoken and written frequently on the topic of physician leadership and management. He is the author of over 100 scientific abstracts and manuscripts,and is frequently quoted in the media. His psychiatric research has been widely cited. Herman is the Past President of the American Association of Psychiatric Administrators (now called the American Association for Psychiatric Administration and Leadership,and currently serves on its Executive Council. He is the recipient of the 2017 American Psychiatric Association Administrative Psychiatry Award.
Professor Henrietta Bowden-Jones OBE is a medical doctor,Psychiatrist,Honorary Professor at University College London and Honorary Senior Visiting Fellow,Dept of Psychiatry at Cambridge University.
Marney Ann White is an American psychologist and epidemiologist.
Robin Meryl Masheb is an American psychologist. She is a Full Professor of Psychiatry at Yale University and Director of the Veterans Initiative for Eating and Weight. The program is dedicated to addressing eating and weight problems in veterans through research,training and advocacy.
References
- ↑ "Potenza, Marc N., 1965-". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
- ↑ "Marc Potenza, PhD, MD". Yale University. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Nine School of Medicine Researchers Awarded Research Grants For Schizophrenia, Depression; Two Receive Highest Honor". Yale University. October 1, 1998. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Yale Ties in Highest Number of Grants Awarded for Research into Schizophrenia and Depression". Yale University. May 17, 2000. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Pathological Gambling Should be Viewed as Chronic Medical Condition, Say Yale Researchers". Yale University. July 10, 2001. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "The Neurological Effects of Gambling – Yale Gambling Center of Research Excellence". The Yale Ledger. July 27, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ Potenza, M. N.; Steinberg, M. A.; Skudlarski, P.; Fulbright, R. K.; Lacadie, C. M.; Wilber, M. K.; Rounsaville, B. J.; Gore, J. C.; Wexler, B. E. (August 2003). "Gambling urges in pathological gambling: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study". Archives of General Psychiatry. 60 (8): 828–836. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.828 . PMID 12912766 . Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Scientists Seeking Link Between Stress and Addiction". Yale University. June 13, 2008. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- 1 2 "Yale To Host Center for Gambling Research". Yale University. May 15, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- 1 2 "Potenza Receives Marvin A. Steinberg Lifetime Achievement Award". Yale University. November 6, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Yale named NCRG Center of Excellence in Gambling Research". Yale University. March 14, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Potenza to be honored with 2016 Lifetime Research Award from the National Council on Problem Gambling". Yale University. July 13, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Potenza honored with research award by Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health". Yale University. October 6, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Potenza honored by Turkish Green Crescent Society for research work on addictions". Yale University. May 3, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Potenza to receive honorary professorship from Eotvos Lorand University". Yale University. April 29, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Potenza Named Director of Division on Addictions Research at Yale". Yale University. September 15, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Expertscape Names White, Other Faculty World Experts in Binge-Eating Disorder". Yale University. February 23, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Expertise in Binge-Eating Disorder: Marc N Potenza". Expertscape. Archived from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
