The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946,when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and a constituent assembly,formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy,was elected to draft a constitution,which was promulgated on 1 January 1948.
The Transnational Radical Party (TRP),whose official name is Nonviolent Radical Party,Transnational and Transparty (NRPTT),is a political association of citizens,members of parliament and members of government of various national and political backgrounds who intend to adopt nonviolent means to create an effective body of international law with respect for individuals,human,civil and political rights,as well as the affirmation of democracy and political freedom in the world. The TRP does not participate in elections and,despite being named "party",is a non-governmental organization (NGO),with consultative status at the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations (UN) since 1995,adept in building synergies among political forces aimed at achieving the goals of its congressional motions.
The Democrats of the Left was a social-democratic political party in Italy. Positioned on the centre-left,the DS,successor of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and the Italian Communist Party,was formed in 1998 upon the merger of the PDS with several minor parties. A member of The Olive Tree coalition,the DS was successively led by Massimo D'Alema,Walter Veltroni,and Piero Fassino,and merged with Democracy is Freedom –The Daisy and a number of minor centre-left parties to form the Democratic Party in October 2007.
The Pensioners' Party is a centrist Italian political party,whose aim is to represent the interests of pensioners.
The Senate of the Republic,or simply the Senate,is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament,the lower house being the Chamber of Deputies. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system,meaning they perform identical functions,but do so separately. Pursuant to the Articles 57,58,and 59 of the Italian Constitution,the Senate has 200 elective members,of which 196 are elected from Italian constituencies,and 4 from Italian citizens living abroad. Furthermore,there is a small number of senators for life,either appointed or ex officio. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948,but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as Senato del Regno,itself a continuation of the Senato Subalpino of Sardinia established on 8 May 1848. Members of the Senate are styled Senator or The Honourable Senator and they meet at Palazzo Madama,Rome.
Emma Bonino is an Italian politician. She was a senator for Rome between 2008 and 2013,and again between 2018 and 2022. She also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2014. Previously,she was a Member of the European Parliament and a member of the Chamber of Deputies. She served in the government of Italy as Minister of International Trade from 2006 to 2008.
The Italian Parliament is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861),the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943),the transitional National Council (1945–1946) and the Constituent Assembly (1946–1948). It is a bicameral legislature with 600 elected members and a small number of unelected members. The Italian Parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies,as well as the Senate of the Republic.
National-level elections in Italy are called periodically to form a parliament consisting of two houses:the Chamber of Deputies with 400 members;and the Senate of the Republic with 200 elected members,plus a few appointed senators for life. Italy is a parliamentary republic:the President of the Republic is elected for a seven-year term by the two houses of Parliament in joint session,together with special electors appointed by the Regional Councils.
The Party of Italian Communists was a communist party in Italy established in October 1998 by splinters from the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC). The split was led by Armando Cossutta,founder and early leader of the PRC,who opposed Fausto Bertinotti's leadership and,especially,his decision to withdraw support from Romano Prodi's first cabinet. In December 2014,the party was transformed into the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I),which would later evolve into the new version of the Italian Communist Party (PCI).
The Treaty of Accession 2005 is an agreement between the member states of European Union and Bulgaria and Romania. It entered into force on 1 January 2007. The Treaty arranged accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU and amended earlier Treaties of the European Union. As such it is an integral part of the constitutional basis of the European Union.
The Christian Democratic Centre was a Christian-democratic political party in Italy from 1994 to 2002. Formed from a right-wing split from Christian Democracy,the party joined the centre-right coalition,and was a member of the European People's Party (EPP).
The Democratic Party of the Left was a democratic-socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party,the party was the largest in the Alliance of Progressives and The Olive Tree coalitions. In February 1998,the party merged with minor parties to form Democrats of the Left. At its peak in 1991,the party had a membership of 989,708;by 1998,it was reduced to 613,412.
The president of Italy,officially titled President of the Italian Republic,is the head of state of Italy. In that role,the president represents national unity,and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. A president's term of office lasts for seven years. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella,who was elected on 31 January 2015,and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Mario Clemente Mastella is an Italian politician who has been the mayor of Benevento since 20 June 2016. He also served as leader of the Union of Democrats for Europe (UDEUR),a minor centrist and Christian-democratic Italian party. Mastella,who began his career in the Christian Democracy (DC) party,being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1976,is known for his trasformismo,changing over his career many political parties and affiliations.
The Segni Pact,officially called Pact of National Rebirth,was a Christian-democratic,centrist and liberal political party in Italy. The party was founded and named after Mario Segni,a former member of the Christian Democrats who was a prominent promoter of referendums.
The Treaty of Accession 2011 is an agreement between the member states of the European Union and Croatia concerning Croatia's accession to the EU. It was signed on 9 December 2011 in Brussels by the heads of state or government of the 27 member states and by the president of Croatia,Ivo Josipović,and Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor.
The Other Europe,whose full name was The Other Europe with Tsipras,was a left-wing political organisation in Italy. It took part in the 2014 European Parliament election in support of Alexis Tsipras,the candidate of the Party of the European Left for President of the European Commission.
Mario Martinelli was an Italian resistance member during the Fascist Italy and a conservative politician who was a member of Christian Democracy. He was the undisputed leader of the party in the Como region. He held several government posts and was a long-term member of the Italian Parliament,Italian Senate and the European Parliament.
The Legislature XIX of Italian Republic is the current legislature of the Italian Parliament,which started on 13 October 2022.
