The Association of American Publishers (AAP) is the national trade association of the American book publishing industry. AAP lobbies for book,journal and education publishers in the United States. AAP members include most of the major commercial publishers in the United States,as well as smaller and nonprofit publishers,university presses,and scholarly societies.
The United States Copyright Office (USCO),a part of the Library of Congress,is a United States government body that registers copyright claims,records information about copyright ownership,provides information to the public,and assists Congress and other parts of the government on a wide range of copyright issues. It maintains online records of copyright registration and recorded documents within the copyright catalog,which is used by copyright title researchers who are attempting to clear a chain of title for copyrighted works.
The librarian of Congress is the head of the Library of Congress,appointed by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate,for a term of ten years. The librarian of Congress also appoints and oversees the Register of Copyrights of the U.S. Copyright Office and has broad responsibilities around copyright,extending to electronic resources and fair use provisions outlined in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The librarian determines whether particular works are subject to DMCA prohibitions regarding technological access protection. In addition,the librarian appoints the U.S. poet laureate and awards the Gershwin Prize for Popular Song.
The American Library Association (ALA) is a nonprofit organization based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world.
Ainsworth Rand Spofford was an American journalist,prolific writer and the sixth Librarian of Congress. He served as librarian from 1864 to 1897 under the administration of ten presidents. A great admirer of Benjamin Franklin,he wrote a twenty-one page introduction in Franklin's autobiography,which he edited and published.
The James Madison Memorial Building is one of three United States Capitol Complex buildings that house the Library of Congress. The building was constructed from 1971 to 1976,and serves as the official memorial to United States Founding Father and president James Madison. It is located between First and Second Streets SE on Independence Avenue,across for the main library Thomas Jefferson Building,in Washington,D.C. In addition to various book and multimedia collections,it houses the United States Copyright Office,which is under the administration of the Librarian of Congress.<[ADRIAN PARNELL TILLMAN>
Sarah Elizabeth Thomas is an American librarian best known for her leadership positions in a number of research libraries. In May 2013 it was announced that she had been appointed vice president for Harvard University Library;she took up the post in August 2013.
Marybeth Peters was an American attorney who served as the 11th United States Register of Copyrights from August 7,1994,to December 31,2010.
The Section 108 Study Group was a select committee of copyright experts and library and archives professionals,convened by the Copyright Office and the Library of Congress's National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). The Study Group was charged with updating Section 108 of the United States Copyright Act—relating to libraries and archives' ability to make copies of copyrighted works available under certain circumstances—for the digital age. The Study Group issued a final report in March 2008,outlining proposed changes and updates to Section 108.
James G. Neal is an American librarian,library administrator,and a prominent figure in American and international library associations. In 2022 President Joe Biden appointed him to the National Museum and Library Services Board which advises the agency on general policies with respect to the duties,powers,and authority of the Institute of Museum and Library Services relating to museum,library,and information services,as well as the annual selection of the National Medal for Museum and Library Service.
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington,D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States. It also administers copyright law through the United States Copyright Office.
The Register of Copyrights is the director of the United States Copyright Office within the Library of Congress,as provided by 17 U.S.C. § 701. The Office has been headed by a Register since 1897. The Register is appointed by,and responsible to,the Librarian of Congress,with the Register's office located in the Library's James Madison Memorial Building.
Barbara Ringer was one of the lead architects of the 1976 Copyright Act. She spent much of her career lobbying Congress and drafting legislation that overhauled the 1909 Copyright Act. Ringer was also the first woman to serve as the Register of Copyrights in the United States Copyright Office. During her three decades with the United States Copyright Office,Ringer gained a reputation as an authority on copyright law.
Carla Diane Hayden is an American librarian who is serving as the 14th librarian of Congress. Since the creation of the office of the librarian of Congress in 1802,Hayden is both the first African American and the first woman to hold this post. Appointed in 2016,she is the first professional librarian to hold the post since 1974.
Pratt Institute School of Information is the information school of the Pratt Institute,a private university in New York City. The school administers the oldest Library and Information Science program in North America. It was created in Brooklyn,New York City,in 1890 shortly after Melvil Dewey created such a program at Columbia University in 1887. Based in Manhattan,the school administers a master of information and library science degree program that has been accredited by the American Library Association since the 1924–1925 academic year.
Sci-Hub is a shadow library website that provides free access to millions of research papers,regardless of copyright,by bypassing publishers' paywalls in various ways. Unlike Library Genesis,it does not provide access to books. Sci-Hub was founded in Kazakhstan by Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011,in response to the high cost of research papers behind paywalls. The site is extensively used worldwide. In September 2019,the site's operator(s) said that it served approximately 400,000 requests per day. In addition to its intensive use,Sci-Hub stands out among other shadow libraries because of its easy use/reliability and because of the enormous size of its collection;a 2018 study estimated that Sci-Hub provided access to 95% of all scholarly publications with issued DOI numbers. On 15 July 2022,Sci-Hub reported that its collection comprised 88,343,822 files. Since December 2020,the site has paused uploads due to legal troubles.
David Mao is an American law librarian. Mao served as acting Librarian of Congress from September 30,2015,until the confirmation of Carla Hayden in 2016.
Karyn A. Temple is an attorney who served as the 13th United States Register of Copyrights,appointed to the position on March 27,2019. Temple was Acting Register of Copyrights from October 21,2016 to March 26,2019,when Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden promoted her to Register of Copyrights and Director of the United States Copyright Office. She announced her resignation on December 9,2019,effective January 3,2020.
Betty J. Turock is an American librarian and educator who served as president of the American Library Association from 1995 to 1996. She was a member of the faculty of the Rutgers School of Communication and Information for 22 years. Turock is best known for her advocacy for equity of access to electronic information via the Internet as well as for championing diversity in the library profession.
Maria Strong is the Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Policy and International Affairs of the United States Copyright Office.
