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Conjoined twins, popularly referred to as Siamese twins, are twins joined in utero. It is a very rare phenomenon, estimated to occur in anywhere between one in 49,000 births to one in 189,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in Southwest Asia and Africa. Approximately half are stillborn, and an additional one-third die within 24 hours. Most live births are female, with a ratio of 3:1.
Pediatric surgery is a subspecialty of surgery involving the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.
Westchester Medical Center University Hospital (WMC), formerly Grasslands Hospital, is an 895-bed Regional Trauma Center providing health services to residents of the Hudson Valley, northern New Jersey, and southern Connecticut. It is known for having one of the highest case mix index rates of all hospitals in the United States. 652 beds are at the hospital's primary location in Valhalla, while the other 243 beds are at the MidHudson Regional Hospital campus in Poughkeepsie. It is organized as Westchester County Health Care Corporation, and is a New York State public-benefit corporation.
The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) is a teaching hospital with 806 beds based in Baltimore, Maryland, that provides the full range of health care to people throughout Maryland and the Mid-Atlantic region. It gets more than 26,000 inpatient admissions and 284,000 outpatient visits each year. UMMC has approximately 9,050 employees at the UMMC Downtown Campus, as well as 1,300 attending physicians and 950 resident physicians across the Downtown and the Midtown campuses. UMMC provides training for about half of Maryland's physicians and other health care professionals. All members of the medical staff are on the faculty of the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
Transplantable organs and tissues may refer to both organs and tissues that are relatively often transplanted, as well as organs and tissues which are relatively seldom transplanted. In addition to this it may also refer to possible-transplants which are still in the experimental stage.
Viet Nguyen and Duc Nguyen were a pair of Vietnamese conjoined twins surgically separated in 1988. Viet died in 2007 of natural causes.
Wirginia June Maixner is an Australian neurosurgeon and the director of neurosurgery at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. She is known for having performed the first auditory brainstem implant on a child in Australia in 2007, and later having separated the conjoined twins, Trishna and Krishna in 2009.
Rowena Spencer was an American physician who specialized in pediatric surgery at a time when it was unusual for a female to become a surgeon. She was the first female surgical intern at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the first female appointed to the full-time surgery staff at Louisiana State University, and the first female surgeon in Louisiana.
Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Rabeeah is a Saudi pediatric surgeon. He has filled a number of supervisory and advisory roles in Saudi Arabia, including Minister of Health, Advisor to the Royal Court, and Supervisor General of the international aid agency KSrelief.
Craniopagus twins are conjoined twins who are fused at the cranium. The union may occur on any portion of the cranium, but does not primarily involve either the face or the foramen magnum; their brains are usually separate, but they may share some brain tissue. Conjoined twins are genetically identical and always share the same sex. The thorax and abdomen are separate and each twin has their own umbilicus and umbilical cord.
King Abdulaziz Medical City is a district general hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; it was established by a royal decree in May 1983. With a bed capacity of 690 beds, it provides all types of care to all National Guard soldiers and their families, starting from primary health care up to tertiary specialized care. In 2012, It became a recognized center on the international level in conjoined twin separation surgery. It is the first center all over the world with 100% success rate in twin separation surgery.
Bothwell Anesu Mbuwayesango is a Zimbabwean pediatric surgeon who successfully led an all Zimbabwean team that separated conjoined twins in 2014 during an eight-hour operation at Harare hospital; it was the country's second successful separation, the first was in 1985. The two-month-old male twins were joined at the chest and abdomen. In 2021 Mbuwayesango led another successful separation during an eighteen-hour surgery at the same hospital. Mr Mbuwayesango was a Council member of the Medical and Dental Practitioners Council of Zimbabwe. He has published articles in the medical literature.
Benjy Frances Brooks was an American pediatric surgeon affiliated with several hospitals in Houston. She was the first woman in the surgery department at Harvard Medical School and the first woman to become a pediatric surgeon in the state of Texas. She founded the pediatric surgery division at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Brooks actively conducted research throughout her career in addition to working as a pediatric surgeon.
Lewis Spitz is a paediatric surgeon who is internationally recognised as a leader in paediatric surgery and is known for his work on congenital abnormalities of the oesophagus, particularly oesophageal atresia, oesophageal replacement and gastroesophageal reflux especially in neurologically impaired children. He championed the plight of children with cerebral palsy and other congenital disorders; demonstrating that appropriate surgery could improve their quality of life. He is the leading authority in the management of conjoined twins and is recognised as the foremost international expert in this field. Spitz is the Emeritus Nuffield Professor of Paediatric Surgery.
Ernesto Pompeo Molmenti is an American transplant surgeon, scientist, and author. Currently practicing in Long Island, New York. He is Chief of Surgical Innovation and Vice-Chairman of the Department of Surgery at North Shore University Hospital / Northwell Health, and Professor of Surgery, Medicine, and Pediatrics at Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell. He is known for his description of the “Syndromic Incidence of Ovarian Cancer after Liver Transplantation, with Special Reference to Anteceding Breast Cancer,” and for the development of the vascular reconstruction technique that has been named "Molmenti technique".
Nene Elsie Nwada Obianyo is a Nigerian paediatric surgeon, delegate from Nigeria to the World Federation of Associations of Paediatric Surgeons and one of the two Nigerian surgeons who first successfully separated conjoined twins in Nigeria at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu in 1988.
UVA Children's Hospital is a nationally ranked, acute care children's hospital in Charlottesville, Virginia. It is affiliated with the University of Virginia School of Medicine. The hospital features 112 pediatric beds. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout the region. The hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital has a rooftop helipad to transport critical pediatric cases. The hospital features a regional pediatric intensive-care unit and a level IV neonatal intensive care unit.
Johns Hopkins Children's Center (JHCC) is a nationally ranked, pediatric acute care children's teaching hospital located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, adjacent to Johns Hopkins Hospital. The hospital has 196 pediatric beds and is affiliated with the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. The hospital is the flagship pediatric member of Johns Hopkins Medicine and is one of two children's hospitals in the network. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Baltimore and the wider United States. Johns Hopkins Children's Center also sometimes treats adults who require pediatric care. Johns Hopkins Children's Center also features the only ACS verified Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center in the state. The hospital is directly attached to Johns Hopkins Hospital and is situated near the Ronald McDonald House of Maryland.
Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU (CHoR) is a nationally ranked pediatric acute care children's hospital located within VCU Medical Center in Richmond, Virginia. The hospital has 144 pediatric beds. It is affiliated with The Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, and is a member of VCU Health. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout eastern Virginia. CHOR also has a helipad to transport critically ill pediatric patients. Children's Hospital of Richmond features the only pediatric Level 1 Trauma Center in the region and the state.
Dr Noor ul Owase Jeelani BMed.Sci (Hons), BMBS, MRCS, MBA, MPhil, FRCS (NeuroSurg.) is a Kashmiri-British neurosurgeon and academic. He is a Consultant Paediatric Neurosurgeon at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (GOSH) and was the Head of the Department of Neurosurgery from 2012 until 2018. He is an Honorary Associate Professor at the Institute of Child Health, University College London. He leads the FaceValue research group in Craniofacial Morphometrics, device design, and clinical outcomes.
References
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- CNN, Library. "Conjoined Twins Fast Facts." CNN Wire 11 July 2013: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
- "Conjoined Twins Maria & Teresa Tapia: Before and after." CBSNews. CBS Interactive. Web. 5 Feb. 2015. <http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/conjoined-twins-maria-teresa-tapia-before-and-after/>.
- "David Lanning, M.D., Ph.D., Pediatric Surgery." - Virginia Commonwealth University Health System. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. <http://www.vcuhealth.org/?id=1107&sid=1>.
- "Lexic.us." Omphalopagus: Definition with Omphalopagus Pictures and Photos. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. <http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/omphalopagus>.
- "Maria and Teresa’s Story | World Pediatric Project." World Pediatric Project. Word Pediatric Project. Web. 3 Feb. 2015. <http://www.worldpediatricproject.org/who-we-help/children/maria-teresas-story-2/>.
- Smith, Tammie. "Conjoined Twins Surgically Separated at VCU Return to Richmond a Year Later." Richmond.com. Richmond Times Dispatch, 2 Nov. 2012. Web. 8 Feb. 2015. <http://www.richmond.com/business/article_e0988d2c-e7ff-503f-9c48-9d6db62baffc.html>.