Mariano Balleza

Mariano Balleza
Mariano Balleza; (San Pablo Balleza)
	Town
	; Mariano Balleza is located within Balleza Municipality
	Mariano Balleza Location in Mexico
	Coordinates: 26°57′N106°21′W / 26.950°N 106.350°W Coordinates: 26°57′N106°21′W / 26.950°N 106.350°W
Country	Mexico
State	Chihuahua
Municipality	Balleza
Founded (mission)	1640
Population (2010)
• Total	2,087

Last updated April 22, 2019

Mariano Balleza is a town in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, close to the border with Durango. It serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of Balleza.

Chihuahua, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chihuahua, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is located in Northwestern Mexico and is bordered by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the southwest, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east. To the north and northeast, it has a long border with the U.S. adjacent to the U.S. states of New Mexico and Texas. Its capital city is Chihuahua City.

Durango, officially Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is a state in northwest Mexico. With a population of 1,632,934, Durango has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur. The city of Victoria de Durango is the state's capital, named after the first president of Mexico, Guadalupe Victoria.

Balleza is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Mariano Balleza. The municipality covers an area of 7,073.6 km².

As of 2010, the town had a total population of 2,087,^[1] up from 1,990 as of 2005.^[2]

History

It was in this vicinity that Juan Fontes founded the first Jesuit mission to the Tarahumara in 1607, however that mission was abandoned during the Tepehuan war against the SPanish starting in 1616.^[3]

This specific settlement was founded as a Jesuit mission, with the name San Pablo Tepehuanes, in 1640, as part of the efforts to evangelise the local Tepehuan people; this was one of the earliest missions in that part of New Spain. In 1830 the State Congress renamed it in honour of Fr. Mariano Balleza, who fought alongside Miguel Hidalgo in the War of Independence. The town is still informally known as San Pablo Balleza.

The Tepehuán are an indigenous people of Mexico. They live in Northwestern, Western, and some parts of North-Central Mexico. The indigenous Tepehuán language has three branches: Northern Tepehuan, Southeastern Tepehuan, Southwestern Tepehuan. The heart of the Tepehuan territory is in the Valley of Guadiana in Durango, but they eventually expanded into southern Chihuahua, eastern Sinaloa, and northern Jalisco, Nayarit, and Zacatecas. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, Tepehuan lands spanned a large territory along the Sierra Madre Occidental. Tepehuán groups are divided into the Ódami, Audam, and O'dam, each with their own language, culture, and beliefs.

The Viceroyalty of New Spain was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. It covered a huge area that included territories in North America, South America, Asia and Oceania. It originated in 1521 after the fall of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the main event of the Spanish conquest, which did not properly end until much later, as its territory continued to grow to the north. It was officially created on 8 March 1535 as a viceroyalty, the first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas. Its first viceroy was Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, and the capital of the viceroyalty was Mexico City, established on the ancient Mexico-Tenochtitlan.

The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. The war had its antecedent in Napoleon's French invasion of Spain in 1808; it extended from the Cry of Dolores by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla on September 16, 1810, to the entrance of the Army of the Three Guarantees led by Agustín de Iturbide to Mexico City on September 27, 1821. September 16 is celebrated as Mexican Independence Day.

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References

↑ "Balleza". Catálogo de Localidades. Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL). Retrieved 23 April 2014.
↑ "Balleza". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal . Retrieved August 18, 2008.
↑ Edward C. Spicer, Cycloes of Conquest (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1962), p. 26-28

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[SEDESOL-1] "Balleza". Catálogo de Localidades. Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL). Retrieved 23 April 2014.

[2] "Balleza". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal . Retrieved August 18, 2008.

[3] Edward C. Spicer, Cycloes of Conquest (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1962), p. 26-28

Mariano Balleza (San Pablo Balleza)
Town
Mariano Balleza is located within Balleza Municipality
Mariano Balleza Location in Mexico
Coordinates: 26°57′N106°21′W / 26.950°N 106.350°W / 26.950; -106.350 Coordinates: 26°57′N106°21′W / 26.950°N 106.350°W / 26.950; -106.350
Country	Mexico
State	Chihuahua
Municipality	Balleza
Founded (mission)	1640
Population (2010)
• Total	2,087