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Cerebrovascular disease includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation. Arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain are often damaged or deformed in these disorders. The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis narrows blood vessels in the brain, resulting in decreased cerebral perfusion. Other risk factors that contribute to stroke include smoking and diabetes. Narrowed cerebral arteries can lead to ischemic stroke, but continually elevated blood pressure can also cause tearing of vessels, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke.
Jean-Martin Charcot was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He worked on hypnosis and hysteria, in particular with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes. Charcot is known as "the founder of modern neurology", and his name has been associated with at least 15 medical eponyms, including various conditions sometimes referred to as Charcot diseases.
Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski was a French-Polish professor of neurology. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathological plantar reflex indicative of corticospinal tract damage.
Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital is a charitable hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris and a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University.
CADASIL or CADASIL syndrome, involving cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, is the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder, and is thought to be caused by mutations of the Notch 3 gene on chromosome 19. The disease belongs to a family of disorders called the leukodystrophies. The most common clinical manifestations are migraine headaches and transient ischemic attacks or strokes, which usually occur between 40 and 50 years of age, although MRI is able to detect signs of the disease years prior to clinical manifestation of disease.
Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette was a French neurologist and the namesake of Tourette syndrome, a neurological condition characterized by tics. His main contributions in medicine were in the fields of hypnotism and hysteria.
Joseph Jules Dejerine, was a French neurologist.
David Khayat is a French oncologist. Head of the Department of Medical Oncology at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital since 1990, he is also Professor of oncology at the University Pierre and Marie Curie and adjunct Professor at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. He was elected at the American Society of Clinical Oncology board in 2013. Organiser of the World Summit against Cancer at the UNESCO, he initiated the Charter of Paris against Cancer and headed the French Cancer National Institute between April 2004 and September 2006. He is its Honorary President now. Professor Khayat is the founder and the President of the Foundation AVEC, a non-profit organisation declared of public utility since 2013 . He also became a consultant for various industries in the 2010s; in particular, he is paid by Philip Morris International for a lobbying activity in favor of heated tobacco product.
Christine Petit is a French geneticist. She holds professorships at the Collège de France and the Pasteur Institute.
Georg Herman Monrad-Krohn, born in Bergen, Norway, is known for his work on the development of neurology early in the 20th century. He studied at the National Hospital, Queens Square in London, and often visited Paris, France to work in the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital facilities. In 1917 he returned to Norway, and began studies at the Neurological University Clinic of Oslo (Rikshospitalet), where he was appointed a Professor in 1922. In 1927 he became Professor of Neurology at the University of Oslo, and later Emeritus Professor of Neurology.. He retired from this professorial chair at the age of 70. His son, the computer engineer and entrepreneur Lars Monrad-Krohn was born in 1933. Monrad-Krohn died in 1964 after a long career in what both he and Acta Neurologica Scandinavica termed "the struggle for neurology".
Yves Agid is a neurologist, neuropsychiatrist, cell biologist, neurochemist, academician, university professor, hospital doctor, researcher in biology and scientist specializing in neurosciences.
Louise Augustine Gleizes, known as Augustine or A, was a French woman who was publicly exhibited as a "hysteria" patient by neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot while she was held at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.
Ernest-Charles Lasègue was a French physician that released over one hundred scientific papers. He became recognized in the mid-19th century from his work in the fields of psychiatry and neurology. He published many of his works in a journal called Archives Générales de Médecine, in which he was an editor. A few of his major contributions consisted of his work with delusions of persecutions, a concept coined "folie à deux," and his description of hysterical anorexia. Aside from his publications, he worked various jobs before becoming the Chair of Clinical Medicine at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital. He remained positioned there until dying at the age of 66 due to complications from diabetes.
Gabrielle Charlotte Lévy was a French neurologist, for whose work the Roussy–Lévy syndrome and the Lhermitte-Lévy syndrome are named. She also made significant contributions to the understanding of encephalitis lethargica.
Marie "Blanche" Wittman was a French woman known as one of the hysteria patients of Jean-Martin Charcot. She was institutionalized in La Salpêtrière in 1877, and was treated by Charcot until his death in 1893. She later became a radiology assistant at the hospital, which resulted in amputations of her arms due to radiation poisoning.
Élisabeth Tournier-Lasserve is a French neurologist, medical geneticist, university professor and hospital practitioner in genetics. Together with three colleagues, she was the co-recipient of the Brain Prize in 2019, the world's largest brain research prize.
Anne Joutel is a French neurologist and neuroscientist who is Research Director at the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris. In 2019, together with three colleagues, she was awarded the Brain Prize, the largest prize awarded for brain research.
Jean-Claude Baron is an Emeritus Professor of Stroke Medicine at the University of Cambridge. He is also a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. He has authored around 450 peer-reviewed articles.
David John Werring is a British physician, neurologist, and academic specialising in stroke. He is professor of Neurology at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and current head of Stroke Research Centre and the department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation at UCL.
Catherine Lubetzki is a French neurologist who is a professor at Sorbonne University. She is head of the Department of Neurological Diseases at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, where she coordinates the Salpêtrière Multiple Sclerosis clinical research centre. Her research involves the physiology of multiple sclerosis, and identifying the interactions between myelin and axons. In 2019, she was awarded the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Charcot Award.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Marie-Germaine Bousser | The Lundbeck Foundation". lundbeckfonden.com. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
- 1 2 Working group on the signs of death : 11-12 September 2006.
- 1 2 "Biographie et actualités de Marie-Germaine Bousser France Inter". www.franceinter.fr (in French). Retrieved 2021-03-08.
- 1 2 3 4 Qiu, Jane (2008-10-01). "Marie-Germaine Bousser: going against the grain". The Lancet Neurology. 7 (10): 870. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70208-4 . ISSN 1474-4422. PMID 18848308. S2CID 6291792.
- ↑ World Stroke Organization (1 March 2019). "Marie-Germaine Bousser receives the 2019 Brain Prize" . Retrieved 8 March 2021.
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