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Marion J. Ball | |
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| Born | South Africa |
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| Known for | Health Informatics, Nursing Informatics, Education, Hospital Information System |
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Marion Jokl Ball is a South African-born American scientist, educator, and leader in global Biomedical and Health Informatics. She holds the Raj and Indra Nooyi Endowed Distinguished Chair in Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, is Presidential Distinguished Professor, College of Nursing and Health Innovation and serves as the Founding Executive Director, Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI), University of Texas at Arlington. She is Professor Emerita, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and Affiliate Professor, Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. [1] A member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), [2] she is a pioneers of Informatics in Nursing and in Medicine and a founding member of the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER), a global grassroots initiative that formalized in 2006 to enable nurses and later, the multi-interdisciplinary healthcare workforce in 34 countries to best make use of Health Informatics principles, methods, tools, and resources. [3] Ball is the author/editor of over 35 books and over 200 articles in the field of Health Informatics.
Ball received her bachelor’s and master’s degrees in mathematics from the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S., where she started her career as a programmer and instructor at the Medical Center after graduation. Serving as the director of the Computer Systems and Management Group at The Temple University Philadelphia, PA, U.S. she worked in parallel on her doctoral thesis in Medical Education. In 1978, she obtained her Doctor of Education (EdD) from Temple University. Moving to The University of Maryland at Baltimore in 1985, she was appointed Director, Academic Computing and later, Vice President Information Services and Chief Information Officer as well as professor at the School of Medicine and adjunct professor of information systems. In the years to follow (1985–2020), Dr. Ball combined academic appointments with leadership positions in the computer and consulting industry. She held an Adjunct Professorship position at The University of Maryland, School of Nursing, at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Biomedical Informatics and at Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing. At the same time, Ball served as Vice President at First Consulting Group, later as Vice President, Clinical Informatics Strategies at Healthlink, Inc., and finally, in various positions as a Senior Advisor in IBM’s Research Division. [4] In 2020, she moved fully back into academia as the co-founder of the Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI) at the University of Texas at Arlington. [5] She co-directs MICHI together with Gabriela M. Wilson.
Started as Computers in Health Care in 1988 edited by Kathryn J. Hannah and Marion J. Ball, the series Health Informatics – as it is now called – has expanded from a few to over 120 books covering the vast diversity of topics in Health Informatics including “Healthcare Information Management Systems”, “Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations”, “Mental Health Informatics”, “Clinical Research Informatics”, and “Evaluation Methods in Biomedical and Health Informatics”. [6]
This series has accompanied the evolvement and further development of Biomedical and Health Informatics as an international scientific discipline. Some of its books published in the early days of the series, appeared in the 5th edition, such as “Nursing Informatics: Where Caring and Technology Meet” which was the book that started the series. [7]
TIGER began as a grassroots initiative for preparing the nursing workforce for the new challenges of a digital healthcare system. Bringing together more than one hundred nursing leaders from seventy organizations, the TIGER Summit of 1 November 2006, resulted in a white paper and report that defined action steps in the areas of 1. Management & Leadership, 2. Education, 3. Communication & Collaboration, 4. Informatics Design, 5. Information Technology, 6. Policy and 7. Culture, called the seven TIGER pillars. [8] In 2014, TIGER transitioned to the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society HIMSS [9] where Ball served as an international co-chair of TIGER.
As the demand, complexity, and sophistication of competencies in Health Informatics increased over the following years, TIGER developed a comprehensive framework of recommendations of health informatics for nurses. The framework included a methodology of surveying international experts in the field, summarized their relevance ratings for competencies according to roles nurses can have, and illustrated findings them via case studies. [10] As the initiative reached out to interdisciplinary healthcare professionals to address their Health Informatics needs, TIGER developed a second framework, the International Framework for Recommendations of Core Competencies in Health Informatics 2.0 which covers the roles direct patient care, health information managers, executives, chief information officers, engineering and health IT specialists and science and education. [11] Over the years, Ball has remained active as a TIGER leader by supporting its strategic direction. [12]
Ball is one of the educators and scientistis who established Nursing Informatics as a discipline and contributed to its evolvement in the healthcare arena. [13] “She was a prime mover in establishing the nursing informatics program at the University of Maryland.”. [14] Through her many books in this area, she influenced nurses and other clinicians. She has served as a bridge builder between technology and the caring professions since 1988. [15] Her works addressed beginners, as well as advanced students, and the clinical workforce and has been translated into many languages. It is her understanding of Nursing, Health, and Medical Informatics “that technology is only an enabler; success depends on attention to human factors and collaboration across boundaries.”. [16]
Ball’s interest in organization wide health information systems is rooted in her practical experience of information management systems which she had gained in various executive positions held at the Temple University at Philadelphia and the University of Maryland at Baltimore from 1968 to 1996. In the early years of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), she was appointed program chair of the IMIA working conference centered on hospital information systems (1978 in Cape Town, South Africa), the first of its kind worldwide. [17] In a review over twenty years later, she pointed out “In 2002 as in 1979, HIS [hospital information systems rem. editor] must be integrated in the hospital's organizational structure; financial and economic benefits depend upon using technology as an enabler of improved clinical outcomes; and education and training remain critical to the successful use of technology solutions“. [18] These requirements that coined the vision of information systems proved to be substantial 30 years later and still today. [19] [20]
Health on the Net was a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and a non-State actor in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO). The site search tool certified medical and health information on websites, apps for mobile devices, and for social networks. The certification process was based on the HONcode, a list of requirements reflecting how transparent, reliable and trustworthy the information was. [21] HON was founded in 1995 by a group of international scientists led by Jean Raoul Scherrer [22] and based in Geneva, Switzerland until 2022. [23] Ball served on the Board of HON from 1998 to 2019.
With the advent of Personal health record systems to empower the patients and citizens to access, visualize, manage, and share their health data, the need for resources enabling the secure and trusted data management arose. Coming from the area of Consumer Health Informatics, Ball joined the Health Record Banking Alliance [24] and provided a conceptual model together with Jonathan D. Gold. The model instructed how to securely manage health data from citizens to make information available in cases of emergency and in other circumstances such as medical research. The model was inspired from the concept of financial institutions serving as safe and independent transaction platforms. [25]
Health informatics is the study and implementation of computer structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding, and management of medical information. It can be viewed as a branch of engineering and applied science.
Consumer health informatics (CHI) is a sub-branch of health informatics that helps bridge the gap between patients and health resources. It is defined by the American Medical Informatics Association as "the field devoted to informatics from multiple consumer or patient views". The Consumer Health Informatics Working Group (CHIWG) of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) define it as "the use of modern computers and telecommunications to support consumers in obtaining information, analyzing unique health care needs and helping them make decisions about their own health".

The Sociedade Brasileira de Informática em Saúde, abbreviated as SBIS, is a professional society created in November 1986 in Campinas, during the First Brazilian Congress on Health Informatics. It has the mission of promoting the development and the interchange of ideas and results in the fields devoted to the information technologies applied to the health sciences.
The International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) is an independent organization that plays a role in promoting and furthering the application of information science in modern society, particularly in the fields of healthcare, bioscience and medicine. It was established in 1967 as a technical committee of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP). It became an independent organization in 1987 and was established under Swiss law in 1989.
An electronic health record (EHR) is the systematized collection of patient and population electronically stored health information in a digital format. These records can be shared across different health care settings. Records are shared through network-connected, enterprise-wide information systems or other information networks and exchanges. EHRs may include a range of data, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and billing information.
The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) is an American not-for-profit organization dedicated to improving health care in quality, safety, cost-effectiveness and access through the best use of information technology and management systems. It was founded in 1961 as the Hospital Management Systems Society. It is now headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The society has more than 100,000 individuals, 480 provider organizations, 470 non-profit partners and 650 health services organizations. HIMSS is a US 501(c)6 organization.
A personal health record (PHR) is a health record where health data and other information related to the care of a patient is maintained by the patient. This stands in contrast to the more widely used electronic medical record, which is operated by institutions and contains data entered by clinicians to support insurance claims. The intention of a PHR is to provide a complete and accurate summary of an individual's medical history which is accessible online. The health data on a PHR might include patient-reported outcome data, lab results, and data from devices such as wireless electronic weighing scales or from a smartphone.
A clinical pathway, also known as care pathway, integrated care pathway, critical pathway, or care map, is one of the main tools used to manage the quality in healthcare concerning the standardisation of care processes. It has been shown that their implementation reduces the variability in clinical practice and improves outcomes. Clinical pathways aim to promote organised and efficient patient care based on evidence-based medicine, and aim to optimise outcomes in settings such as acute care and home care. A single clinical pathway may refer to multiple clinical guidelines on several topics in a well specified context.
Lifestyle medicine (LM) is a branch of medicine focused on preventive healthcare and self-care dealing with prevention, research, education, and treatment of disorders caused by lifestyle factors and preventable causes of death such as nutrition, physical inactivity, chronic stress, and self-destructive behaviors including the consumption of tobacco products and drug or alcohol abuse. The goal of LM is to improve individuals' health and wellbeing by applying the 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine (nutrition, regular physical activity, restorative sleep, stress management, avoidance of risky substances, and positive social connection) to prevent chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity.
Health information technology (HIT) is health technology, particularly information technology, applied to health and health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors. Based on a 2008 report on a small series of studies conducted at four sites that provide ambulatory care – three U.S. medical centers and one in the Netherlands, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) was viewed as the most promising tool for improving the overall quality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system.
Health informatics in China is about the health informatics or medical informatics or healthcare information system/technology in China.
Informatics is the study of computational systems. According to the ACM Europe Council and Informatics Europe, informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, in which the central notion is transformation of information. In some cases, the term "informatics" may also be used with different meanings, e.g. in the context of social computing, or in context of library science.
The Clinical Care Classification (CCC) System is a standardized, coded nursing terminology that identifies the discrete elements of nursing practice. The CCC provides a unique framework and coding structure. Used for documenting the plan of care; following the nursing process in all health care settings.
Clinical point of care (POC) is the point in time when clinicians deliver healthcare products and services to patients at the time of care.
Eike-Henner Kluge is the first medical ethics expert witness recognized by Canadian courts. Dr. Kluge has acted as an expert witness in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario. He is known for his work on contentious medical ethics issue such as abortion and the ethics of deliberate death in addition to privacy and medical informatics. He established and was the first director of the Canadian Medical Association Department of Ethics and Legal Affairs. Dr. Kluge is the author of the International Medical Informatics Association's code of ethics and their ethics handbook. Additionally, he is a fellow in the Royal Society of Canada.
Dean Forrest Sittig is an American biomedical informatician specializing in clinical informatics. He is a professor in Biomedical Informatics at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Executive Director of the Clinical Informatics Research Collaborative (CIRCLE). Sittig was elected as a fellow of the American College of Medical Informatics in 1992, the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society in 2011, and was a founding member of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics in 2017. Since 2004, he has worked with Joan S. Ash, a professor at Oregon Health & Science University to interview several Pioneers in Medical Informatics, including G. Octo Barnett, MD, Morris F. Collen, MD, Donald E. Detmer, MD, Donald A. B. Lindberg, MD, Nina W. Matheson, ML, DSc, Clement J. McDonald, MD, and Homer R. Warner, MD, PhD.
Morris Frank Collen was founder of the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research and an original member of the Permanente Medical Group, pioneering developer of Automated Multiphasic Health Testing (AMHT) systems, and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for Public Health and Clinical Screening, serving as a model for pre-paid healthcare at the national level. Collen was a Founder of the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) in 1984, and the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) in 1989. The Morris F. Collen Award of Excellence was established in his honor by ACMI in 1993. In 1971 Collen was elected a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
Suzanne B. Bakken Henry is an American nurse who is a professor of biomedical informatics at Columbia University. Her research considers health equity and informatics. She is a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, American College of Medical Informatics and American Academy of Nursing.
Charles Safran is an American-born physician, biomedical informatician, and professor, who is known for his work regarding the use of health information technology (HIT) to improve the delivery and quality of healthcare, in particular clinical information systems.
Judith J. Warren is an American nurse, educator, and researcher, known for being a pioneer in the field of nursing informatics. Her work has focused on integrating nursing science, information technology, and patient care. She holds the title of Professor Emerita at the University of Kansas School of Nursing.
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