Marjory E. Malo Mecklenburg (born 1935) is an American government administrator. She has served as an advisor for the Office of Technology Assessment and was appointed by Ronald Reagan to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, serving in the Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs and serving as Director of the Office of Population Affairs until 1985.
She and her husband Fred Mecklenburg are prominent activists in opposition to legal abortion. She is a founder of the Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life, American Citizens Concerned for Life, and has served as a leader of the National Right to Life Committee.
Marjory Malo grew up in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota, and she and her future husband were high school debating partners before marriage. [1] She and her husband have four children, one of whom is Karl Mecklenburg, a former American football player for the Denver Broncos. [2]
Mecklenburg was appointed by Ronald Reagan to the Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. She had previously served on an advisory panel for the Office of Technology Assessment investigating fertility planning technologies. [3] Mecklenburg's tenure at the Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs focused on issues related to teenage pregnancy, where she specifically proposed Reagan administration policies requiring parental consent for minors seeking birth control. [4]
She later became Director of the Office of Population Affairs. [5] [6] While there she came under scrutiny for using government funds to travel to see her son’s Denver Bronco games. She resigned in 1985. [7] [8]
Mecklenburg and her husband became involved in the opposition to legal abortion in 1967. [9] Mecklenburg served as president of the pro-life organization Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life, succeeding her husband in that position.
In the 1980s, Marjory Mecklenburg served as president of the National Right to Life Committee. [10] [11]
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States conferred the right to choose to have an abortion. The decision struck down many federal and state abortion laws, and caused an ongoing abortion debate in the United States about whether, or to what extent, abortion should be legal, who should decide the legality of abortion, and what the role of moral and religious views in the political sphere should be. The decision also shaped debate concerning which methods the Supreme Court should use in constitutional adjudication.
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court upheld the right to have an abortion as established by the "essential holding" of Roe v. Wade (1973) and issued as its "key judgment" the imposition of the undue burden standard when evaluating state-imposed restrictions on that right. Both the essential holding of Roe and the key judgment of Casey were overturned by the Supreme Court in 2022, with its landmark decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.
The Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), or simply Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive and sexual healthcare, and sexual education in the United States and globally. It is a tax-exempt corporation under Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3) and a member association of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF).
Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world. The World Health Organization defines reproductive rights as follows:
Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence.
The paternal rights and abortion issue is an extension of both the abortion debate and the fathers' rights movement. Abortion can be a factor for disagreement and lawsuit between partners.
Many jurisdictions have laws applying to minors and abortion. These parental involvement laws require that one or more parents consent or be informed before their minor daughter may legally have an abortion.
Dr. Mary Steichen Calderone was an American physician, author, public speaker, and public health advocate for reproductive rights and sex education. Known as the "mother of sex education" as well as the "grande dame of sex education", Dr. Calderone was an instrumental figure in the advancement of reproductive rights and sex education in the United States. Among her most notable feats include playing a key role in pushing forward a movement to reexamine and reform abortion laws in the U.S., helping to move birth control into the mainstream of American medicine, and transforming sex education from "a series of vague moral lessons focused on disease and reproduction" to a scientifically informed, comprehensive framework.
Jane Elizabeth Hodgson was an American obstetrician and gynecologist. Hodgson received a bachelor's degree from Carleton College and her M.D. from the University of Minnesota. She trained at the Jersey City Medical Center and at the Mayo Clinic.
Faye Wattleton is an American reproductive rights activist who was the first African American and the youngest president ever elected of Planned Parenthood Federation of America, and the first woman since Margaret Sanger to hold the position. She is currently Co-founder & Director at EeroQ, a quantum computing company. She is best known for her contributions to family planning and reproductive health, and the reproductive rights movement.
In Trinidad and Tobago, abortion is illegal save for few exceptions. The respective laws are in place since 1925.
The Margaret Sanger Award was an honor awarded annually by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America from 1966 to 2015. Created to honor the legacy of Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood, it is the Federation's highest honor. It is given to individuals to recognize excellence and leadership in the reproductive health and rights movement. Although it is identified as an annual award, it hasn't been given out and since 2015.
The objective of family planning services in the United States is to provide educational, medical and social activities which enable individuals, including minors, to determine the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which that target may be achieved.
The Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) is a United States federal law enacted during the Reagan Administration as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. AFLA provided funding for a series of social programs aimed at promoting abstinence through reproductive health education.
Bowen v. Kendrick, 487 U.S. 589 (1988), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of the Adolescent Family Life Act.
Fred Emil Mecklenburg is an American obstetrician-gynecologist who has been active in opposition to legal abortion. He was a founder of the Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life, American Citizens Concerned for Life, and chairman of the National Right to Life Committee from 1973 to 1975.
Francine Coeytaux, founder of the Pacific Institute for Women's Health, is a public health specialist with extensive experience in the development and evaluation of family planning and reproductive health programs. She is best known for her work on comprehensive reproductive health services, abortion and new reproductive technologies. Prior to founding the Pacific Institute, she was an Associate at the Population Council in New York where she initiated a worldwide program to address the problem of unsafe abortion, collaborated on the public introduction of NORPLANT and RU 486, and helped develop reproductive health activities in Sub Saharan Africa.
Lee Minto is an American women's health activist and sex education advocate. She served as Executive Director of the Seattle-King County chapter of Planned Parenthood for 27 years, and was instrumental in Washington State Referendum 20, a referendum in 1970 that successfully legalized early pregnancy abortion in the state of Washington.
Abortion in Minnesota is legal. In a 2014 Pew Research Center survey, 52% of Minnesota adults said that abortion should be legal in all or most cases, 45% said that abortion should be illegal in all or most cases, and 4% said they weren't sure.
Abortion in Pennsylvania is legal up to the 24th week of pregnancy. 51% of Pennsylvania adults said in a 2014 poll by the Pew Research Center that abortion should be legal and 44% said it should be illegal in all or most cases.
Laurie Schwab Zabin was an American public health researcher and professor who studied adolescent reproductive health, family planning, sexual behaviors, and abortion trends. Her research and advocacy work made her a leading figure in this field.