A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material such as coal,oil,and natural gas,formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. Fossil fuels may be burned to provide heat for use directly,to power engines,or to generate electricity. Some fossil fuels are refined into derivatives such as kerosene,gasoline and propane before burning. The origin of fossil fuels is the anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms,containing organic molecules created by photosynthesis. The conversion from these materials to high-carbon fossil fuels typically require a geological process of millions of years.
Disinvestment refers to the use of a concerted economic boycott to pressure a government,industry,or company towards a change in policy,or in the case of governments,even regime change. The term was first used in the 1980s,most commonly in the United States,to refer to the use of a concerted economic boycott designed to pressure the government of South Africa into abolishing its policy of apartheid. The term has also been applied to actions targeting Iran,Sudan,Northern Ireland,Myanmar,Israel,and China.
The American Petroleum Institute (API) is the largest U.S. trade association for the oil and natural gas industry. It claims to represent nearly 600 corporations involved in production,refinement,distribution,and many other aspects of the petroleum industry.
The politics of climate change results from different perspectives on how to respond to climate change. Global warming is driven largely by the emissions of greenhouse gases due to human economic activity,especially the burning of fossil fuels,certain industries like cement and steel production,and land use for agriculture and forestry. Since the Industrial Revolution,fossil fuels have provided the main source of energy for economic and technological development. The centrality of fossil fuels and other carbon-intensive industries has resulted in much resistance to climate friendly policy,despite widespread scientific consensus that such policy is necessary.
Global Witness is an international NGO established in 1993 that works to break the links between natural resource exploitation,conflict,poverty,corruption,and human rights abuses worldwide. The organisation has offices in London and Washington,D.C.
The fossil fuels lobby includes paid representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry,as well as related industries like chemicals,plastics,aviation and other transportation. Because of their wealth and the importance of energy,transport and chemical industries to local,national and international economies,these lobbies have the capacity and money to attempt to have outsized influence on governmental policy. In particular,the lobbies have been known to obstruct policy related to environmental protection,environmental health and climate action.
The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States,commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and,as of March 2020,the Government of Alberta. It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas,and also to oil tank farms and an oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing,Oklahoma.
Fossil fuel phase-out is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero,to reduce deaths and illness from air pollution,limit climate change,and strengthen energy independence. It is part of the ongoing renewable energy transition,but is being hindered by fossil fuel subsidies.
The California State Teachers' Retirement System (CalSTRS) provides retirement,disability and survivor benefits for California's 965,000 prekindergarten through community college educators and their families. CalSTRS was established by law in 1913 and is part of the State of California's Government Operations Agency. As of September 2020,CalSTRS is the largest teachers' retirement fund in the United States. CalSTRS is also currently the eleventh largest public pension fund in the world. As of October 31,2020,CalSTRS managed a portfolio worth $254.7 billion.
Frank Hornstein is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2003. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL),Hornstein represents District 61A,which includes parts of the city of Minneapolis in Hennepin County,Minnesota.
AndréD. Carson is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Indiana's 7th congressional district since 2008. A member of the Democratic Party,his district includes the northern four-fifths of Indianapolis,including Downtown Indianapolis. He became the dean of Indiana's congressional delegation after Representative Pete Visclosky retired in 2021.
The climate movement is a global social movement focused on pressuring governments and industry to take action addressing the causes and impacts of climate change. Environmental non-profit organizations have engaged in significant climate activism since the late 1980s and early 1990s,as they sought to influence the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Climate activism has become increasingly prominent over time,gaining significant momentum during the 2009 Copenhagen Summit and particularly following the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016.
Fossil fuel divestment or fossil fuel divestment and investment in climate solutions is an attempt to reduce climate change by exerting social,political,and economic pressure for the institutional divestment of assets including stocks,bonds,and other financial instruments connected to companies involved in extracting fossil fuels.
American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) is an American trade association,founded in 1902 as the National Petroleum Association. It became the National Petroleum Refiners Association in 1961,the National Petrochemical &Refiners Association in 1998 and became the AFPM in 2012. AFPM is a trade association representing American manufacturers of virtually the entire U.S. supply of gasoline,diesel,jet fuel,other fuels and home heating oil,and petrochemicals. AFPM represents companies including Chevron Corporation,ExxonMobil,Koch Industries,Marathon Petroleum and Valero Energy.
Fossil fuel regulations are part of the energy policy in the United States and have gained major significance with the nation's strong dependence on fossil fuel-based energy. Regulatory processes are established at the federal and state level due to the immense economic,socio-political and environmental impact of fossil fuel extraction and production. Over 80% of the United States' energy comes from fossil fuels such as coal,natural gas,and oil. The Bush administration was marked by the Energy Policy Act of 2005,which provided a monetary incentive for renewable energy adoption and addressed the issue of climate change. The Obama administration was made up of advocates for renewable energy and natural gas,while Donald Trump built his campaign on promises to revive the coal industry.
Zack Stephenson is an American politician and member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL),he represents District 35A in the northwestern Twin Cities metropolitan area.
In Mexico,a huachicolero or guachicolero is a person dedicated to the theft and illicit sale of motor fuel and adulterated alcoholic beverages. Fuel theft has been on the increase in the country in recent years.
Julie Daniels is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma Senate from the 29th district since 2016.
Planet of the Humans is a 2019 American environmental documentary film written,directed,and produced by Jeff Gibbs. The film was executively produced by Michael Moore. Moore released it on YouTube for free viewing on April 21,2020,the eve of the 50th anniversary of the first Earth Day.
Dean Davis is an American politician serving as a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 98th district. He assumed office in 2019. In 2020,he was re-elected by default.
