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The Integrated Management Concept, or IMC is an approach to structure management challenges by applying a "system-theoretical perspective that sees organisations as complex systems consisting of sub-systems, interrelations, and functions". The most characteristic aspect of the IMC is its distinction between three particular management dimensions: normative, strategic, and operational management, which are held together by different integration mechanisms. The normative management dimension determines the general aim of the organization, the strategic dimension directs the plans, basic structures, systems, and the problem-solving behaviour of the staff for achieving it, and the operative level translates the normative missions and strategic programs into day-to-day organizational processes.
The OSTO System Model is based on the OSTO System Theory, which comprehends complex systems and organizations as living systems and maps these by means of the OSTO System Model. The model is cybernetic in nature and is deduced from the theory of closed loops. The basics of this theory have been formulated by David P. Hanna in the 1980s and have been published initially in 1988. The model assumes that several central transformation processes take place on the inside of a complex organization. These are deeply influenced by mutual reactions between the inner life of the organization and the outside (environment). In terms of closed loop theory, the OSTO System Model depicts the essential elements of such a living system in its interconnectedness, dependencies, and reciprocal reactions. Thinking in network structures is, thus, a crucial part of the OSTO System Theory.
References
- 1 2 Markus Schwaninger at University of St. Gallen. Accessed March 1, 2017.
- ↑ Constantin Thurow (2011) Das St. Galler Management-Modell als Organisationsmuster. p. 20
- ↑ Hans Ulrich, Gesammelte Schriften, 5 Vols., Haupt, Berne 2001; abbreviated version: Systemorientiertes Management, Haupt, Berne 2001.
- ↑ Aloys Gälweiler, Strategische Unternehmensführung, 3rd edition, Campus, Frankfurt-New York 2005 [first edition 1987].
- ↑ See also: Alexandria
