Martin Klein | |
---|---|
Education | Bachelor of science |
Alma mater | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Occupation | Engineer |
Known for | Side scan sonar technology |
Martin Klein (born April 5, 1941) is an American engineer and inventor. He worked in the development of the side scan sonar, a tool used in maritime archaeology, deep-sea and coastal survey, marine geology, offshore engineering and military mine defense. [1] [2]
Klein was born in New York City and lives in Andover, Massachusetts. He moved to Boston in 1958 for his education and graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1962 with a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering. [3] [4]
Klein’s career started as a student at MIT when he worked on projects with Harold “Doc” Edgerton in his Strobe Alley lab. [5] After graduation, he joined Edgerton, Germeshausen & Grier (EG&G Inc.) in 1962 as program manager. Klein equipped the submersibles Trieste and Trieste II with the EG&G side scan sonar systems required in searching for the USS nuclear submarine Thresher that sank in 1963. During his time at EG&G, Klein also led the development of the Mark I dual channel, towed side scan sonar. [6] [7] [8] Klein founded Klein Associates (now Klein Marine Systems) in 1968, a company that developed commercial sonar systems. He sold the company in 1989 but continues to work in ocean technologies. He is on the Advisory Boards of MIT Sea Grant, MIT Museum, and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, a fellow of the Marine Technology Society and the Explorers Club, and an active part of the MATE-ROV Program. [9] [10] [1]
Klein received the Arnold O. Beckman award in 2011 for his contributions to technological development of the side scan sonar. He received an honorary doctoral degree from the University of New Hampshire for his contributions in scientific exploration such as research regarding the Loch Ness monster, helping to locate the RMS Titanic shipwreck, and pinpointing the Challenger space shuttle. [11] [12]
Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton, also known as Papa Flash, was an American scientist and researcher, a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is largely credited with transforming the stroboscope from an obscure laboratory instrument into a common device. He also was deeply involved with the development of sonar and deep-sea photography, and his equipment was used in collaboration with Jacques Cousteau in searches for shipwrecks and even the Loch Ness Monster.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and science.
Sonar is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.
Side-scan sonar is a category of sonar system that is used to efficiently create an image of large areas of the sea floor.
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EG&G, formally known as Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier, Inc., was a United States national defense contractor and provider of management and technical services. The company was involved in contracting services to the United States government during World War II and conducted weapons research and development during the Cold war era. It had close involvement with some of the government's most sensitive technologies.
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The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology is a unit of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign dedicated to interdisciplinary research. A gift from scientist, businessman, and philanthropist Arnold O. Beckman (1900–2004) and his wife Mabel (1900–1989) led to the building of the Institute which opened in 1989. It is one of five institutions which receive support from the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation on an ongoing basis. Current research at Beckman involves the areas of molecular engineering, intelligent systems, and imaging science. Researchers in these areas work across traditional academic boundaries in scientific projects that can lead to the development of real-world applications in medicine, industry, electronics, and human health across the lifespan.
Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone. Marine geology has strong ties to geophysics and to physical oceanography.
Synthetic-aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data is used in ways closely analogous to synthetic-aperture radar.
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The Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM) / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC) was founded in 2000 by Dr. Larry Mayer to find ways to process the massive amounts of data coming from sonar systems at rates commensurate with data collection; that is, to make the data ready for chart production as rapidly as the data could be collected.
Frank Massa (1906–1990) was an American engineer who contributed to the development of the field of acoustical engineering. He is best known for the development of recorded sound technology for the film industry and during World War II, the development of the first towed sonar transducers and hydrophones used by the U.S. Navy to detect and defeat German U-boats.
Lucio Frydman is an Israeli chemist whose research focuses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid-state NMR. He was awarded the 2000 Günther Laukien Prize, the 2013 Russell Varian Prize and the 2021 Ernst Prize. He is Professor and Head of the Department of Chemical and Biological Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and Chief Scientist in Chemistry and Biology at the US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida. He is a fellow of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance and of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Magnetic Resonance (2011-2021).
Guillermo Antonio Ameer is the Daniel Hale Williams Professor of biomedical engineering at the Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science and Surgery at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Materials Research Society, and American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is an engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur.
Herbert Earl Grier was an American electrical engineer. While starting his engineering career with MIT during the 1930s to 1940s, Grier co-invented a miniature stroboscope and handheld flash with Harold Edgerton and Kenneth Germeshausen. During World War II, Grier built a firing mechanism during the Manhattan Project that was used in the Fat Man bomb.
Andreas Buchwald Rechnitzer was an American oceanographer. With Carl Hubbs, he discovered the striped yellow butterfly fish that served as the logo of the Birch Aquarium. He helped develop the first SCUBA diving training program for ocean scientists, which included such innovations as ditch-and-don, buddy breathing, and the buddy system. He was a member of the US Navy Office of Naval Research team that negotiated the purchase of the bathyscape Trieste, and was the scientist in charge of Project Nekton in 1960, during which the Trieste entered the Challenger Deep, the deepest surveyed point in the world's oceans. For this he received the Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Award. He joined the scientific staff of the Chief of Naval Operations, where he was the Oceanographer of the Navy from 1970 to 1984, and was the Senior Scientist at Science Applications International Corporation from 1985 to 1998.