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Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. It has a concentration in the Earth's crust of about one gram per kilogram. In minerals, phosphorus generally occurs as phosphate.
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H3PO4.
The Mosaic Company is a Fortune 500 company based in Tampa, Florida which mines phosphate, potash, and collects urea for fertilizer, through various international distribution networks, and Mosaic Fertilizantes. It is the largest U.S. producer of potash and phosphate fertilizer.
The OCP Group is a state-owned phosphate rock miner, phosphoric acid manufacturer and fertilizer producer. Founded in 1920, the company has grown to become the world's largest producer of phosphate and phosphate-based products and it is one of the largest phosphate, fertilizer, chemicals, and mineral industrial companies in the world by revenue.
Akashat is a small town in the northwest of the Ar-Rutba District of the Al Anbar province of Iraq, on the road between the towns of Ar-Rutbah and Al-Qa'im. It has a population of around 5,000. It was built as an industrial village in 1985, attached to the local phosphate quarry and administered by the ministry of industry. The Phosphate Plant in the town employs roughly 50-60 permanent workers. Production there was seriously disrupted by the UN sanctions after 1991 and the 2003 war, essentially stopped it from working. It is now operating at around 10%.
The mineral industry of Russia is one of the world's leading mineral industries and accounts for a large percentage of the Commonwealth of Independent States' production of a range of mineral products, including metals, industrial minerals, and mineral fuels. In 2005, Russia ranked among the leading world producers or was a significant producer of a vast range of mineral commodities, including aluminum, arsenic, cement, copper, magnesium compounds and metals, nitrogen, palladium, silicon, nickel and vanadium.
The Aurora mine is the largest integrated phosphate mining and chemical plant in the world. The mine is located in Richland Township, in Aurora in Beaufort County, North Carolina. The mine, has been owned by PotashCorp since 1995, has an annual production capacity of over six million tonnes of phosphate ore. In 2008 the mine produced 6.6 million tonnes of phosphate ore from which 1.3 million tonnes of phosphoric acid was produced.
The Mardin mine is a large mine in Mardin Province, in the south-east of Turkey, 743 km south-east of the capital, Ankara. Mardin represents one of the largest phosphates reserves in Turkey having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 11% P2O5.
The Kasrık mine is a large mine in the south-east of Turkey in Mardin Province 743 km south-east of the capital, Ankara. Kasrık represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Turkey having estimated reserves of 110 million tonnes of ore grading 25% P2O5.
The Sandpiper mine is a Namibian planned mining development located 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west off the coast of the harbour town of Walvis Bay. Sandpiper represents one of the largest phosphate reserves in Namibia, having estimated reserves of 1.82 billion tonnes of ore grading 19.5% P2O5. Although phosphate mining is controversial in Namibia because of its potential impact on the fishing industry, the mining license was granted in 2011.
The Sokli mine is a large mine reserve located in the Lapland. Sokli represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Finland having estimated reserves of 12.4 billion tonnes of ore grading 24% P2O5.
The Ongilog Lake mine is a large mine located in Mongolia. Ongilog Lake represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Mongolia having estimated reserves of 1.5 billion tonnes of ore grading 35% P2O5.
The Mankhan Uul mine is a large mine in Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia. Ongilog Lake represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Mongolia having estimated reserves of 1.6 billion tonnes of ore grading 35% P2O5.
The Kef Snoun mine is a large mine located in Tébessa Province, Algeria. Kef Snoun represents one of the largest phosphate reserves in the country, having estimated reserves of 520 million tonnes of ore grading 12% P2O5.
The Djemi Djema mine is a large mine located in Tébessa Province. Djemi Djema represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Algeria having estimated reserves of 620 million tonnes of ore grading 12% P2O5.
The Bled El Hadba mine is a large mine located in Tébessa Province. Bled El Hadba represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Algeria having estimated reserves of 800 million tonnes of ore grading 15% P2O5.
The Betita mine is a large mine located in Tébessa Province. Betita represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Algeria having estimated reserves of 175 million tonnes of ore grading 18% P2O5.
The Abu Tartur mine is a large proposed mine located in New Valley Governorate. Abu Tartur represents one of the largest phosphates reserve in Egypt having estimated reserves of 980 million tonnes of ore grading 30% P2O5.
The mining industry of Senegal is mainly centred on the production of phosphates and industrial limestone. Senegal is one of the leading producers of phosphates in the world, accounting for about 6% of exports in 2006, and deposits are of a particularly high quality. In the coastal region of the country, titanium-bearing minerals have been found and the reserve is estimated at 10 million tons. The mineral sector's exports accounts for 20% of total exports of the country and constitutes 20% of the GDP.
The mining industry of Morocco is important to the national economy. Morocco is the world's largest producer of phosphate, and contains about 75% of the world's estimated reserves. Mining contributed up to 35% of exports and 5% of GDP in 2011. Foreign investors have found the investment climate, the infrastructure, fiscal situation, and political stability very favorable to continue business in the country in this sector.
References
- ↑ "Martison Lake phosphates mine" (PDF). phoscan.ca. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-07-14.