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Radiation therapy or radiotherapy,often abbreviated RT,RTx,or XRT,is a therapy using ionizing radiation,generally provided as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy,to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor. Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy,and has been used before,during,and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers. The subspecialty of oncology concerned with radiotherapy is called radiation oncology. A physician who practices in this subspecialty is a radiation oncologist.
A radiation oncologist is a specialist physician who uses ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer. Radiation oncology is one of the three primary specialties,the other two being surgical and medical oncology,involved in the treatment of cancer. Radiation can be given as a curative modality,either alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. It may also be used palliatively,to relieve symptoms in patients with incurable cancers. A radiation oncologist may also use radiation to treat some benign diseases,including benign tumors. In some countries,radiotherapy and chemotherapy are controlled by a single oncologist who is a "clinical oncologist". Radiation oncologists work closely with other physicians such as surgical oncologists,interventional radiologists,internal medicine subspecialists,and medical oncologists,as well as medical physicists and technicians as part of the multi-disciplinary cancer team. Radiation oncologists undergo four years of oncology-specific training whereas oncologists who deliver chemotherapy have two years of additional training in cancer care during fellowship after internal medicine residency in the United States.
Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy where a sealed radiation source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment. Brachy is Greek for short. Brachytherapy is commonly used as an effective treatment for cervical,prostate,breast,esophageal and skin cancer and can also be used to treat tumours in many other body sites. Treatment results have demonstrated that the cancer-cure rates of brachytherapy are either comparable to surgery and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or are improved when used in combination with these techniques. Brachytherapy can be used alone or in combination with other therapies such as surgery,EBRT and chemotherapy.
A radiation therapist,therapeutic radiographer or radiotherapist is an allied health professional who works in the field of radiation oncology. Radiation therapists plan and administer radiation treatments to cancer patients in most Western countries including the United Kingdom,Australia,most European countries,and Canada,where the minimum education requirement is often a baccalaureate degree or postgraduate degrees in radiation therapy. Radiation therapists can also prescribe medications and radiation,interpret tests results,perform follow ups,reviews,and provide consultations to cancer patients in the United Kingdom and Ontario,Canada . In the United States,radiation therapists have a lower educational requirement and often require postgraduate education and certification in order to plan treatments.
The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre is a scientific research centre and a teaching hospital in Toronto,Ontario,Canada,affiliated with the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine as part of the University Health Network. The hospital now stands as the largest cancer centre in Canada and one of the five largest cancer centres in the world. Along with the Odette Cancer Centre,which is also associated with University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine and is independently the sixth largest cancer centre in North America,it forms one of the largest cluster of cancer hospitals in the world.
In medicine,proton therapy,or proton radiotherapy,is a type of particle therapy that uses a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue,most often to treat cancer. The chief advantage of proton therapy over other types of external beam radiotherapy is that the dose of protons is deposited over a narrow range of depth;hence in minimal entry,exit,or scattered radiation dose to healthy nearby tissues.
M. Krishnan Nair was an Indian oncologist. He was the founding director of the Regional Cancer Centre,Thiruvananthapuram,a director of the S.U.T. Institute of Oncology,and Trivandrum Cancer Center(TCC),part of SUT Royal Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) and a professor at the Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences &Research in Kochi. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri in 2001 for his contributions in the cancer care field.
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) is a unique pan-European non-profit clinical cancer research organisation established in 1962 operating as an international association under Belgium law. It develops,conducts,coordinates and stimulates high-quality translational and clinical trial research to improve the survival and quality of life of cancer patients. This is achieved through the development of new drugs and other innovative approaches,and the testing of more effective therapeutic strategies,using currently approved drugs,surgery and/or radiotherapy in clinical trials conducted under the auspices of a vast network of clinical cancer researchers supported by 220 staff members based in Brussels. The EORTC has the expertise to conduct large and complex trials especially specific populations such as the older patient and rare tumours.
Image-guided radiation therapy is the process of frequent imaging,during a course of radiation treatment,used to direct the treatment,position the patient,and compare to the pre-therapy imaging from the treatment plan. Immediately prior to,or during,a treatment fraction,the patient is localized in the treatment room in the same position as planned from the reference imaging dataset. An example of IGRT would include comparison of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) dataset,acquired on the treatment machine,with the computed tomography (CT) dataset from planning. IGRT would also include matching planar kilovoltage (kV) radiographs or megavoltage (MV) images with digital reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) from the planning CT.
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study,treatment,diagnosis and prevention of tumors. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος(ónkos),meaning "tumor","volume" or "mass". Oncology is concerned with:
Mildred Vera Peters,OC was a Canadian oncologist and clinical investigator.
Christopher M. Nutting is a British Professor of Clinical Oncology and medical consultant,specializing in head and neck cancers,who has helped develop Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT),an advanced form of Radiation therapy.
Henry Harrington Janeway was an American physician and pioneer of radiation therapy.
Pramod Kumar Julka,is an Indian cancer specialist (oncologist),medical educationist and writer,known for performing the first peripheral blood stem cell transplant following high dose chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer in India. He was honoured by the Government of India,in 2013,by bestowing on him the Padma Shri,the fourth highest civilian award,for his contributions to the fields of medicine and medical education. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has awarded him by bestowing on him the honorary membership.
Frances Alice Shepherd,is a Canadian oncologist recognized for her research on lung cancer and her contributions to the design,development,and conduct of clinical trials. She is currently a senior staff physician at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre,where she has held the Scott Taylor Chair in Lung Cancer Research since 2001,and she is a full professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto.
Dr. Vijay Anand Reddy is an Indian oncologist known for his contributions to the field of cancer. He serves as the director and senior consultant oncologist at Apollo Cancer Hospital,Hyderabad. He also served as the President of Association of Radiation Oncologists of India &Chairman of Indian College of Radiation Oncology.
James Ralston Kennedy "RP" Paterson,CBE,MC,MD,FRCSEd,FRCR,DMRE (Cantab) was a radiologist and oncologist in Scotland. Along with Herbert Parker,pioneered the development of the Paterson-Parker rules for the Radium Dosage System also known as the Manchester system.
Sandro Porceddu is a head and neck radiation oncologist at Brisbane's Princess Alexandra Hospital and a Professor with the University of Queensland. He was president of the Clinical Oncologic Society of Australia (COSA) and chair of the Trials Scientific Committee of the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG).
Lori Jo Pierce is an American radiation oncologist and 57th President of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. She is a Full Professor and Vice Provost for Academic and Faculty Affairs at the University of Michigan. Her research focuses on the use of radiotherapy in the multi-modality treatment of breast cancer,with emphasis on intensity modulated radiotherapy in node positive breast cancer,the use of radiosensitizing agents,and the outcomes of women treated with radiation for breast cancer who are carriers of a BRCA1/2 breast cancer susceptibility gene.
Anca-Ligia Grosu is a Romanian-German radiation oncologist and professor with a research focus on the development of personalized therapy in radiation oncology. She is chair of the Radiation Oncology Department at the University Medical Center Freiburg,Germany,and member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
References
- 1 2 Piana, Ronald (June 10, 2013). "UICC President Balances Innovation and Pragmatism to Reduce the Global Burden of Cancer". ascopost.com. The ASCO Post. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Professional Development and Continuing Medical Education Award". radonc.utoronto.ca. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ White, Nancy J. (November 16, 2012). "Princess Margaret Hospital's Mary Gospodarowicz fighting cancer worldwide". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "UT DRO Faculty Honours and Awards". radonc.utoronto.ca. March 28, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Dr. Mary Gospodarowicz awarded two prestigious prizes". radonc.utoronto.ca. June 1, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Mary Gospodarowicz awarded ASTRO's highest honour". radonc.utoronto.ca. July 1, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Dr. Mary Gospodarowicz Evans". gg.ca. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Canadian Cancer Society honours Dr. Mary Gospodarowicz with prestigious research award". uhn.ca. February 16, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Mary Gospodwarowicz appointed University Professor, U of T's highest rank". radonc.utoronto.ca. June 1, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Mary Gospodarowicz accepts Women Who Conquer Cancer Mentorship Award". radonc.utoronto.ca. March 28, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Mary Gospodarowicz: Just do it". archive.cancerworld.net. July 1, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
