Some types of appeals are not heard before the Appeals Court. For example, an appeal from a conviction of first degree murder goes directly to the Supreme Judicial Court.[9] The Supreme Judicial Court can also elect to bypass review by the Appeals Court and hear a case on "direct appellate review."[10][11] In the District Court Department, appeals in certain civil cases are made first to the Appellate Division of the District Court before being eligible for appeal to the Appeals Court.[12] After a decision by the Appeals Court, a party may seek "further appellate review" by requesting review by the Supreme Judicial Court.[13]
Proceedings
The Appeals Court usually hears cases in three-judge panels, which rotate so that every judge has an opportunity to sit with every other judge.[14] In addition to its panel sittings, the Appeals Court runs a continuous "single justice" session, with a separate docket. The single justice may review interlocutory orders and orders for injunctive relief issued by certain Trial Court departments, as well as requests for review of summary process appeal bonds, certain attorney's fee awards, motions for stays (postponement) of civil proceedings or criminal sentences pending appeal, and motions to review impoundment orders. Each associate justice sits as single justice for a month at a time.[15] Appeals are heard from September through July at the John Adams Courthouse as well as at special sessions held at various locations such as law schools throughout Massachusetts.[16]
Justices
Twenty-five justices sit on the Appeals Court: one chief justice and twenty-four associate justices. The most recent chief justice of the Appeals Court was Mark V. Green.[17]
If a Massachusetts appellate justice (that is, a justice of either the Appeals Court or of the Supreme Judicial Court) attains age 70 and retires, that justice may be recalled to active service on the Appeals Court as needed. Currently, no recall justices are serving.[18][19]
The court's current members, listed by seniority, are as follows:[20]
Christopher J. Armstrong, associate justice, 1972–2000, chief justice, 2000–2006, recall justice, 2006–2008. One of the original six justices of the court, fourth Chief Justice and the longest serving of the original members.[22][23]
Susan S. Beck, associate justice, 1997–2006. One of the most scholarly members of the court, came to the court after a lengthy career in public service, was so dedicated to her work that she was known to sleep on the couch in her chambers and was dedicated to fostering collegiality and joy among her colleagues.[24][25][26][27][28]
Frederick L. Brown, associate justice, 1976–2003, recall justice, 2003–2015. First African-American appointed to an appellate court in Massachusetts, served nearly 40 years on the Appeals Court.[30][31]
Judd J. Carhart, associate justice, 2010–2017.[32]
Cynthia J. Cohen, associate justice, 2001–2017[33]
R. Ammi Cutter, recall justice, 1980–1990. At the age of 78, Justice Cutter was recalled to the Appeals Court after sixteen years on the SJC. Renowned and influential jurist.[24][22]
Raya Dreben, associate justice, 1979–1997, recall justice, 1997–2011 Second woman appointed to the court. was a mentor to 11 justices on Appeals Court[36]
Francis R. Fecteau, associate justice, 2008–2015.[37]
Edith W. Fine, associate justice, 1984–1995. Third woman appointed to the court after Charlotte Peretta and Raya Dreben. Served in a wide variety of positions before coming to the court, ranging from SJC Law Clerk to ACLU-Maryland Staff Attorney to Assistant Corporation Counsel in Boston. In addition to her jurisprudence, steered reformation of the judicial process in the Commonwealth.[22][24]
Gerald Gillerman, associate justice, 1990–1994, recall justice, 1994–2002. Purple Heart Winner who became a lawyer after having a severely damaged leg, worked to make law comprehensible to all.[40][41]
Reuben Goodman, 1972–1982. One of the original six appointees in 1972, formerly served as the chief appellate public defender in the Commonwealth and was a special advisor to ACLU founder Roger Baldwin in Korea.[22][24]
Andrew R. Grainger, associate justice, 2006–2017.[43]
Donald Grant, associate justice, 1972–1988. One of the original six appointees in 1972, came to the court as an Appellate expert, and, in addition to outstanding jurisprudential contributions, innovated internal procedures that helped establish the court in its own right.[22][24]
John Greaney, associate justice, 1978–1984, chief justice, 1984–1989. Second Chief Justice of the Appeals Court after Allan Hale.[22]
Mark V. Green, associate justice 2001–2017, chief justice 2017–2024.[45]
Mel Greenberg, associate justice, 1990–2007. Worcester native, former legal director of the Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, served on the District and Superior Courts, now an appellate advocate.[46][47]
Allan M. Hale, chief justice, 1972–1984, recall justice, 1984. First Chief Justice of the court.[48]
R. Marc Kantrowitz, associate justice, 2001–2015.[51]
Benjamin Kaplan, recall justice, 1983–1991, 1993–2005. Worked on United States v. One Book Called Ulysses, served as a Nuremberg prosecutor, professor at Harvard Law (and authority on civil procedure), justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, and, subsequently, a long-serving recall justice on the Appeals Court.[24]
Rudolph Kass, associate justice, 1979–2000, recall justice, 2000–2003. One of the most prolific, soundest and most colorful writers on the court and is still active as a mediator.[52][53][54][55]
Gary Stephen Katzmann, associate justice, 2004–2016. Served on the Appeals Court until his appointment as a judge on the United States Court of International Trade.[56]
Edmund Kelville, associate justice, 1972–1979. One of the original six appointees along with Allan Hale, David Rose, Reuben Goodman, Donald Grant, and Christopher Armstrong.[57]
C. Jeffrey Kinder, associate justice, 2015–2022.[58][59]
Charlotte Anne Perretta, associate justice, 1978–2009. First woman appointed to the Appeals Court, served as senior associate justice from 2003 to 2009.[22]
Elizabeth Porada, associate justice, 1990–2003, recall justice 2003–2004.[72]
Francis J. Quirico, recall justice, 1986–1987. After 13 years as a trial judge and 12 on the SJC, Justice Quirico sat on recall with the Appeals Court from 1986 to 1987. Justice Quirico also was still a recall judge in the Superior Court until approximately 1990.[73][74][75][76][77]
David A. Rose, associate justice, 1972–1976, recall justice, 1978–1985.[79]
Mitchell J. Sikora, Jr. associate justice, 2006–2014[80]
Kent B. Smith, associate justice, 1981–1997, recall justice, 1997–2012. First attorney appointed to serve indigent criminal defendants in Western Massachusetts, authored the authoritative treatise on criminal practice and procedure in the Commonwealth. Still was serving actively on recall at the time of his death.[22][81]
Mary Thomas Sullivan, associate justice, 2011-2023. [82]
Joseph A. Trainor, associate justice, 2001–2018[83][84]
Gabrielle Wolohojian, associate justice 2008–2024, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2024. [86]
The following justices have been elevated from the Appeals Court to the Supreme Judicial Court
Justice Elspeth B. Cypher, associate justice, 2001–2017, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2017.[87]
Justice Fernande R.V. Duffly, associate justice, 2000–2011, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2011.[88]
Chief Justice John Greaney, associate justice, 1978–1984, chief justice, 1984–1989, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 1989.[89]
Justice Geraldine Hines, associate justice, 2013–2014, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2014.[90]
Justice Roderick L. Ireland, associate justice, 1990–1997, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 1997, later elevated to Chief Justice of the SJC in 2010.[91]
Chief Justice Scott L. Kafker, associate justice, 2001–2015, chief justice, 2015–2017, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2017.[92]
Justice Barbara Lenk, associate justice, 1995–2011, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2011.[93]
Justice Joseph R. Nolan, associate justice, 1980–1981, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 1981.[68]
Justice Francis X. Spina, associate justice, 1997–1999, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 1999.[94]
Justice Dalila Argaez Wendlandt, associate justice, 2017–2020, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2020. [95]
Justice Gabrielle Wolohojian, associate justice 2008–2024, elevated to the Supreme Judicial Court in 2024.[86]
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