The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture,importation,possession,use,and distribution of certain substances is regulated. It was passed by the 91st United States Congress as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon. The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration is a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. SAMHSA is charged with improving the quality and availability of treatment and rehabilitative services in order to reduce illness,death,disability,and the cost to society resulting from substance abuse and mental illnesses. The Administrator of SAMHSA reports directly to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. SAMHSA's headquarters building is located outside of Rockville,Maryland.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH,in turn,is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research.
Drug czar is an informal name for the person who directs drug-control policies in various areas. The term follows the informal use of the term czar in U.S. politics. The 'drug czar' title first appeared in a 1982 news story by United Press International that reported that,"[United States] Senators ... voted 62–34 to establish a 'drug czar' who would have overall responsibility for U.S. drug policy." Since then,several ad hoc executive positions established in both the United States and United Kingdom have subsequently been referred to in this manner.
The war on drugs is the policy of a global campaign,led by the United States federal government,of drug prohibition,military aid,and military intervention,with the aim of reducing the illegal drug trade in the United States. The initiative includes a set of drug policies that are intended to discourage the production,distribution,and consumption of psychoactive drugs that the participating governments,through United Nations treaties,have made illegal.
Peter Tarnoff was an American politician who served as the under secretary of state for political affairs during the first term of President Bill Clinton,from 1993 to 1997. In May 1997,United States secretary of state Madeleine Albright presented him with the Department of State's highest award,the Distinguished Service Award for extraordinary service in advancing American interests through creative and effective diplomacy.
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna,adopting the current name in 2002.
The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,1961 is a United Nations treaty that controls activities of specific narcotic drugs and lays down a system of regulations for their medical and scientific uses;it also establishes the International Narcotics Control Board.
The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) is an independent treaty body,one of the four treaty-mandated bodies under international drug control law.
The 1972 Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was a protocol that made several changes to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It highlighted the need for treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts,instructing parties to take "all practicable measures for the prevention of abuse of psychotropic substances and for the early identification,treatment,education,after-care,rehabilitation,and social reintegration of the persons involved". It also expanded the International Narcotics Control Board from 11 members to 13 members.
Abdol Hamid Ghodse CBE was an academic in the field of substance abuse and addiction.
Title 21 of the United States Code governs Food and Drugs in the United States Code (U.S.C.).
The Anti-Narcotics Force is a federal executive bureau and a paramilitary force of the Government of Pakistan,tasked with combating the narcotics smuggling and use within Pakistan. ANF works under the umbrella of Pakistan Army and Ministry of Narcotics Control (Pakistan) of which Mohsin Raza Naqvi is the minister since March 2024. Due to misconception on Section 4 of ANF ACT 1997,the force's head consisted of the active-duty general officer of Pakistan Army. Although the law prescribes that any competent person may be appointed as Director-General. Currently,a two-star Army Officer,Major general Muhammad Aniq Ur Rehman Malik is deputed as Director-General. The ANF also has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing Pakistan narcotics investigations abroad.
David C. Lewis was Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Community Health and the Donald G. Millar Distinguished Professor of Alcohol and Addiction Studies at Brown University.
A drug policy is the policy regarding the control and regulation of psychoactive substances,particularly those that are addictive or cause physical and mental dependence. While drug policies are generally implemented by governments,entities at all levels may have specific policies related to drugs.
The drug policy of Sweden is based on zero tolerance focusing on prevention,treatment,and control,aiming to reduce both the supply of and demand for illegal drugs. The general drug policy is supported by all major Swedish political parties with the exceptions of the Left Party –which advocates for the decriminalization of private consumption –and 5 of the 7 major parties' youth wings.
The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants,barbiturates,benzodiazepines,and psychedelics signed in Vienna,Austria on 21 February 1971. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 did not ban the many newly discovered psychotropics,since its scope was limited to drugs with cannabis,coca and opium-like effects.
This is a history of drug prohibition in the United States.
Drug Strategies is a non-profit research institute located in Washington,D.C. Drug Strategies works to identify and promote more effective approaches to substance abuse and to increase public understanding of current research on what works and what does not.
John F. Kelly is an American-based researcher and professor of addiction medicine at Harvard Medical School. He is the Founder and Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Recovery Research Institute,Associate Director of the MGH Center for Addiction Medicine,and Program Director of the MGH Addiction Recovery Management Service.
