The Federal Housing Administration (FHA),also known as the Office of Housing within the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),is a United States government agency founded by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,established in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. Its primary function is to provide insurance for mortgages originated by private lenders for various types of properties,including single-family homes,multifamily rental properties,hospitals,and residential care facilities. FHA mortgage insurance serves to safeguard these private lenders from financial losses. In the event that a property owner defaults on their mortgage,FHA steps in to compensate the lender for the outstanding principal balance.
Redlining is a discriminatory practice in which services are withheld from potential customers who reside in neighborhoods classified as "hazardous" to investment;these neighborhoods have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities,and low-income residents. While the best-known examples involve denial of credit and insurance,also sometimes attributed to redlining in many instances are denial of healthcare and the development of food deserts in minority neighborhoods. In the case of retail businesses like supermarkets,the purposeful construction of stores impractically far away from targeted residents results in a redlining effect.
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,who reports directly to the President of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 is a landmark law in the United States signed into law by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during the King assassination riots.
Section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937,often called Section 8,as repeatedly amended,authorizes the payment of rental housing assistance to private landlords on behalf of low-income households in the United States. Fort Lauderdale,Florida Housing Authority Director William H. Lindsey,upon the advice of Housing Authority attorney J. Richard Smith,initially developed 11(b) financing in the early 1970s to accommodate a local savings and loan interested in assisting with urban renewal projects Lindsey eventually brought to fruition. This was the initial impetus for the subsequent development of the now well known Section 8 Program. 68% of total rental assistance in the United States goes to seniors,children,and those with disabilities. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development manages Section 8 programs.
The Community Planning and Development agency within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administers the grant programs that help communities plan and finance their growth and development,increase their capacity to govern,and provide shelter and services for homeless people. HUD is a national program,and HUD provides funding directly to larger cities and counties,and for smaller cities and counties,generally to state government. HUD's programs include the Community Development Block Grant Program and the HOME program.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in the United States rank among the most advanced in the world,with public opinion and jurisprudence changing significantly since the late 1980s.
James Earl Graves Jr. is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
John David Trasviña is a human rights attorney. He is the former dean of the University of San Francisco School of Law. Previous to that,he was assistant secretary of the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,president and general counsel of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF),and special counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices at the U.S. Department of Justice. He was named principal legal advisor at U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in January 2021.
Housing discrimination refers to patterns of discrimination that affect a person's ability to rent or buy housing. This disparate treatment of a person on the housing market can be based on group characteristics or on the place where a person lives.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual,and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Wyoming may face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal in Wyoming since 1977,and same-sex marriage was legalized in the state in October 2014. Wyoming statutes do not address discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity;however,the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County established that employment discrimination against LGBT people is illegal under federal law. In addition,the cities of Jackson,Casper,and Laramie have enacted ordinances outlawing discrimination in housing and public accommodations that cover sexual orientation and gender identity.
The Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) is an agency within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. FHEO is responsible for administering and enforcing federal fair housing laws and establishing policies that make sure all Americans have equal access to the housing of their choice.
Housing discrimination in the United States refers to the historical and current barriers,policies,and biases that prevent equitable access to housing. Housing discrimination became more pronounced after the abolition of slavery in 1865,typically as part of Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation. The federal government didn't begin to take action against these laws until 1917,when the Supreme Court struck down ordinances prohibiting blacks from occupying or owning buildings in majority-white neighborhoods in Buchanan v. Warley. However,the federal government as well as local governments continued to be directly responsible for housing discrimination through redlining and race-restricted covenants until the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
Source of Income Discrimination describes when landlords refuse to rent to tenants using housing vouchers or other government assistance. Housing advocates argue the practice keeps vulnerable communities from accessing housing,although landlords point to lack of protections for tenants as their right to refuse service.
Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) is a provision of the 1968 federal Fair Housing Act signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The law requires that "All executive departments and agencies shall administer their programs and activities relating to housing and urban development in a manner affirmatively to further the purposes of" the Fair Housing Act. The law also requires the Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to administer all HUD programs in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing.
The Iowa Civil Rights Commission is the state agency that enforces the Iowa Civil Rights Act of 1965,Iowa's anti-discrimination law.
Eviction in the United States refers to the pattern of tenant removal by landlords in the United States. In an eviction process,landlords forcibly remove tenants from their place of residence and reclaim the property. Landlords may decide to evict tenants who have failed to pay rent,violated lease terms,or possess an expired lease. Landlords may also choose not to renew a tenant's lease,however,this does not constitute an eviction. In the United States,eviction procedures,landlord rights,and tenant protections vary by state and locality. Historically,the United States has seen changes in domestic eviction rates during periods of major socio-political and economic turmoil—including the Great Depression,the 2008 Recession,and the COVID-19 pandemic. High eviction rates are driven by affordable housing shortages and rising housing costs. Across the United States,low-income and disadvantaged neighborhoods have disproportionately higher eviction rates. Certain demographics—including low income renters,Black and Hispanic renters,women,and people with children—are also at a greater risk of eviction. Additionally,eviction filings remain on renters' public records. This can make it more difficult for renters to access future housing,since most landlords will not rent to a tenant with a history of eviction. Eviction and housing instability are also linked to many negative health and life outcomes,including homelessness,poverty,and poor mental and physical health.
Housing in Washington,D.C., encompasses a variety of shelter types:apartments,single family homes,condominiums,co-ops,and apartments considered public housing. Washington,D.C.,is considered one of the most expensive cities in which to live in the United States—in 2019,it was ranked in the top 10 of American cities with the most expensive homes.
The social policy of the Joe Biden administration is intended to improve racial equity,increase access to safe and legal abortions,tighten restrictions on gun sales,among other aims. A number of policies aim to reverse the former policies of President Donald Trump,including the "Muslim" travel ban and loosened anti-discriminatory policies relating to LGBT people.
Executive Order 13988,officially titled Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation,is the fourth executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden on January 20,2021.
