Mauro Cabral Grinspan

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Mauro Cabral Grinspan
Mauro Cabral and Pidgeon Pagonis.jpg
Grinspan (right) in 2013
Born1971 (age 52–53)
Córdoba, Argentina
Known for Trans and intersex activist and educator
Website transactivists.org

Mauro Cabral Grinspan, [1] also known as Mauro Cabral, is an Argentinian intersex and trans activist, who serves as the Senior Officer for Gender Justice and Equity at the Global Philanthropy Project. Before that, he was the Executive Director of GATE. His work - as a signatory of the Yogyakarta Principles [2] - focuses on the reform of medical protocols and law reform. In July 2015, Cabral received the inaugural Bob Hepple Equality Award. [3]

Contents

Early life and perspectives

Mauro Cabral Grinspan was assigned female at birth, but now lives as male. He has described how his intersex body was discovered to be different or "incomplete" in his teens; after two surgeries he had to undergo several years of invasive procedures. [4] He has said in an interview that the surgery makes him feel that he needed surgery before he could be loved. [5]

Cabral Grinspan argues homophobia is a driving force behind the common urge to "normalize" intersex children into traditional male or female categories, and proposes surgeries for intersex persons send a message to children that their bodies have to be changed to be acceptable. Additionally, Cabral Grinspan suggests a need for broader cultural acceptance of intersex without treating these people as though they suffer from a medical disorder. [6]

Activism

Mauro Cabral Grinspan has been involved in activism on trans and intersex issues since at least 2005. From 2005 to 2007 he was in charge of coordinating the Trans and Intersex Area at the IGLHRC Latin American Office. [7] He then worked for three years at MULABI, Latin American Space for Sexualities and Rights, becoming Executive Director in 2009. Cabral became a co-director of GATE in January 2010 [7] [8] and also co-chairs the International Trans* Reference Group at the Global Forum on MSM and HIV/AIDS. Cabral is a member of the Latin American Consortium on Intersex Issues, and of the International Advisory Board at the Human Rights Watch LGBT Program.[ citation needed ]

Cabral Grinspan participated in actions that led to the approval of a ground-breaking law on gender identity by the Argentinian Senate in April 2012. The law makes it possible to change sex designation without undergoing surgical or clinical treatment, or judicial approval. [9] [10]

Cabral Grinspan has co-ordinated work on reform of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, in particular a critique and alternative proposals in relation to "Gender Incongruence of Childhood". [11] He is a contributor to the World Health Organization report "Sexual health, human rights and the law". [12]

Cabral Grinspan helped organise the third International Intersex Forum in Malta, 2013. [13] In 2015, Cabral became the senior advisor for a first philanthropic Intersex Human Rights Fund established by the Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice. [14]

In 2006 Cabral participated in the production of the Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of Human Rights Legislation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, [15] and was one of the initial 29 signatories. [2] He is also a drafting committee member and signatory of the Yogyakarta Principles plus 10, on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics. [16]

In January 2024 Intersex Human Rights Australia announced that Cabral had been appointed as the Principal Consultant and Project Coordinator on their newest international project. [17]

Academic career

Cabral Grinspan has a Degree in History from the National University of Córdoba. [18]

Selected bibliography

Books

Journals

Editorials

Speeches

Cabral has contributed to numerous documents including the Yogyakarta Principles, the World Health Organization report "Sexual health, human rights and the law", [12] and the Open Society Foundations report "Licence to Be Yourself". [24]

Awards and recognition

In July 2015, Cabral was a co-recipient of the inaugural Bob Hepple Equality Award, alongside Pragna Patel of Southall Black Sisters. [25] The award is named for Bob Hepple, the former lawyer of Nelson Mandela. [3] The Oxford Human Rights Hub comments, "Cabral was crucial in the process leading to the enactment of Argentina's Gender Identity Law in 2012, a law which has been extensively cited in court decisions on gender identity cases, including the Indian Supreme Court, and which has inspired legislation reform in countries including Malta, the Netherlands and Sweden." [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OutRight Action International</span> LGBTIQ human rights organization

OutRight International (OutRight) is an LGBTIQ human rights non-governmental organization that addresses human rights violations and abuses against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. OutRight International documents human rights discrimination and abuses based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics in partnership with activists, advocates, media, NGOs and allies on a local, regional, national and international level. OutRight International holds consultative status with ECOSOC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sex characteristics (legal term)</span>

In law, sex characteristic refers to an attribute defined for the purposes of protecting individuals from discrimination due to their sexual features. The attribute of sex characteristics was first defined in national law in Malta in 2015. The legal term has since been adopted by United Nations, European, and Asia-Pacific institutions, and in a 2017 update to the Yogyakarta Principles on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights at the United Nations</span>

Discussions of LGBT rights at the United Nations have included resolutions and joint statements in the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), attention to the expert-led human rights mechanisms, as well as by the UN Agencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yogyakarta Principles</span> Document about human rights in the areas of sexual orientation and gender identity

The Yogyakarta Principles is a document about human rights in the areas of sexual orientation and gender identity that was published as the outcome of an international meeting of human rights groups in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in November 2006. The principles were supplemented and expanded in 2017 to include new grounds of gender expression and sex characteristics and a number of new principles. However, the Principles have never been accepted by the United Nations (UN) and the attempt to make gender identity and sexual orientation new categories of non-discrimination has been repeatedly rejected by the General Assembly, the UN Human Rights Council and other UN bodies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex</span> Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics

Intersex people are individuals born with any of several sex characteristics, including chromosome patterns, gonads, or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GATE (organization)</span> Transgender and intersex rights organization

Global Action for Trans Equality (GATE) is an organisation and think tank on gender identity, sex characteristics and bodily diversity issues. The current executive director is Mauro Cabral Grinspan. Cabral Grinspan is an Argentinian intersex and trans activist, and signatory of the Yogyakarta Principles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morgan Carpenter</span> Intersex activist

Morgan Carpenter is a bioethicist, intersex activist and researcher. In 2013, he created an intersex flag, and became president of Intersex Human Rights Australia. He is now executive director. Following enactment of legislative protections for people with innate variations of sex characteristics in the Australian Capital Territory, Carpenter is a member of the Variations in Sex Characteristics Restricted Medical Treatment Assessment Board.

Natasha Jiménez is a trans and intersex activist and author who is currently the General Coordinator for MULABI, Latin American Space for Sexualities and Rights, the first host of the Intersex Secretariat for ILGA. She is an advisory board member for the first intersex human rights fund and participated in the first intersex hearing on human rights before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex human rights</span> Human rights for intersex people

Intersex people are born with sex characteristics, such as chromosomes, gonads, or genitals, that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Discrimination against intersex people</span>

Intersex people are born with sex characteristics, such as chromosomes, gonads, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies". "Because their bodies are seen as different, intersex children and adults are often stigmatized and subjected to multiple human rights violations".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex and LGBT</span> Relationship between different sex and gender minorities

Intersex people are born with sex characteristics that "do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies". They are substantially more likely to identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) than endosex people. According to a study done in Australia of Australian citizens with intersex conditions, participants labeled 'heterosexual' as the most popular single label with the rest being scattered among various other labels. According to another study, an estimated 8.5% to 20% experiencing gender dysphoria. Although many intersex people are heterosexual and cisgender, this overlap and "shared experiences of harm arising from dominant societal sex and gender norms" has led to intersex people often being included under the LGBT umbrella, with the acronym sometimes expanded to LGBTI. Some intersex activists and organisations have criticised this inclusion as distracting from intersex-specific issues such as involuntary medical interventions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of intersex history</span> Overview of notable events in the timeline of intersex history

The following is a timeline of intersex history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex rights in Malta</span>

Intersex rights in Malta since 2015 are among the most progressive in the world. Intersex children in Malta have world-first protections from non-consensual cosmetic medical interventions, following the passing into law of the Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act in 2015. All Maltese intersex persons have protection from discrimination. Individuals who seek it can access simple administrative methods of changing sex assignment, with binary and non-binary forms of identification available.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex rights in Chile</span>

Since November 7, 2023, Chile bans unnecessary and non-consensual surgeries, procedures or medical treatments on intersex newborns, boys, girls and adolescents. Since March 15, 2022, Chile bans discrimination based on "sex characteristics" under Law 21,430 on Guarantees and Integral Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents. The country has the most advanced legal protection framework in Latin America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex rights in Colombia</span>

In 1999, the Constitutional Court of Colombia became the first court to consider the human rights implications of medical interventions to alter the sex characteristics of intersex children. The Court restricted the age at which intersex children could be the subjects of surgical interventions.

Brújula Intersexual is a voluntary organisation for intersex people that promotes the human rights and bodily autonomy of intersex people in Mexico, and across Latin America. Founded in 2013, Brújula Intersexual provides peer support, education and information.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex rights in Mexico</span> Overview of intersex peoples rights in Mexico

In Mexico there are no explicit rights reserved to intersex persons, no protections from non-consensual cosmetic medical interventions on intersex children and no legislative protection from discrimination. Intersex persons may have difficulties in obtaining necessary health care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex rights in Argentina</span>

Intersex people in Argentina have no recognition of their rights to physical integrity and bodily autonomy, and no specific protections from discrimination on the basis of sex characteristics. Cases also exist of children being denied access to birth certificates without their parents consenting to medical interventions. The National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism and civil society organizations such as Justicia Intersex have called for the prohibition of unnecessary medical interventions and access to redress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex rights in Spain</span> Overview of intersex peoples rights in Spain

Citizens of Spain who are intersex face problems that the wider society does not encounter. Laws that provide protection against discrimination or genital mutilation for intersex people exist only in some autonomous communities rather than on a national level. The 3/2007 law is the current law in Spain which relates to legal gender change including the rights of intersex people, although a new law is about to be passed in the near future.

References

  1. ↑ "APPOINTMENTS TO BE MADE AT THE 33RD SESSION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (13 – 30 September 2016)". Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2016. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  2. 1 2 "The Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity". Yogyakarta Principles . Archived from the original on 2015-06-28. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  3. 1 2 Law Society Gazette (July 2015). "Mandela lawyer award winner announced". Law Society Gazette . Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  4. ↑ Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (2015). "Situación de Derechos Humanos de Personas Intersex: clips de audiencias". YouTube. Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
  5. ↑ ""Si me hubieran operado al nacer habría tenido más calidad de vida" -". Pikara Magazine (in European Spanish). 2010-11-14. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  6. ↑ Cabral, Mauro, ed. (February 2009). Interdicciones: Escrituras de la intersexualidad en castellano. Córdoba, Argentina: Mulabi. ISBN   978-987-05-5898-9.
  7. 1 2 "About GATE". GATE . Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  8. ↑ "Latin America: IGLHRC´s Latin America and the Caribbean 2005 work". IGLHRC . January 4, 2006.
  9. ↑ "Primer paso en el Senado de la Nación hacia la Ley de Identidad de Género". 100% Diversidad y Derechos. April 17, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Un día para recordar". Página/12 . 26 August 2011.
  11. ↑ Cabral, Mauro. "Critique and Alternative Proposal to the "Gender Incongruence of Childhood" Category in ICD-11" (PDF). GATE . Retrieved 2014-12-26.
  12. 1 2 World Health Organization (June 2015). Sexual health, human rights and the law (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN   9789241564984.
  13. ↑ "3rd International Intersex Forum in Malta". ILGA-Europe . 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013.
  14. ↑ "Introducing the Intersex Fund team at Astraea!". Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice . Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice. June 16, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  15. ↑ Infojus Noticias (August 26, 2014). "Yogyakarta: la identidad de género desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos". Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, Argentina. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
  16. ↑ "Yogyakarta Principles plus 10". Archived from the original on 2017-12-01.
  17. ↑ "Welcoming Mauro Cabral Grinspan – Intersex Human Rights Australia". Intersex Human Rights Australia – For the health and human rights of people with innate variations of sex characteristics. 15 January 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  18. ↑ AKAHATÁ (2015). "Integrantes". AKAHATÁ. Archived from the original on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
  19. ↑ "2016 Trans*studies". Institute for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies, University of Arizona . 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
  20. ↑ Cabral, Mauro (28 May 2014). "Intersex side event at the UN Human Rights Council". Organisation Intersex International Australia . Retrieved 2014-12-29.
  21. ↑ "Situation of Human Rights of Intersex Persons in the Americas". Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. March 21, 2013.
  22. ↑ "Schedule of Hearings 147o Session Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)" (PDF). Organization of American States . 2013.
  23. ↑ "Mauro Cabral: Trans and intersex rights". European Parliament LGBT Intergroup at Vimeo.com. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  24. ↑ Byrne, Jack; Open Society Institute, Open Society Foundation, Open Society Foundations; Public Health Program (Open Society Institute), Open Society Public Health Program (2014). License to Be Yourself Laws and Advocacy for Legal Gender Recognition of Trans People. New York: Open Society Foundations. ISBN   9781940983103 . Retrieved 2014-10-23.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. 1 2 "The Inaugural Bob Hepple Equality Award Celebrates Equal Rights Activists and Advances Support to their Cause". Oxford Human Rights Hub. July 21, 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
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