Mazhavaraayas or Mazhavars is a Tamil language name.
In the Sangam age this region was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan. Sangam poet Avvaiyar had cordial relations with the Mazhavar chieftains, including Athiyamān Nedumān Añci of Thagadoor and Valvil Ori of Kollimalai. Mazhanadu was divided into two major parts, Mel-Mazhanadu (Western Mazhanadu) [1] [ need quotation to verify ] and Keezh-Mazhanadu (Eastern-Mazhanadu).
Oppilla Mazhavaraayas were the Polygars of Ariyalur. They were different from the Mazhavaraya clan who were kin of Chozhas. Their original title was Nayanar. Their leader was awarded the title of Ranavijaya Oppilla Mazhavaraya by a ruler of Vijayanagara Kingdom, under whom they served, for defeating certain Prathaparudran. Ramanayanar is recorded to be the first of these polygars. [2] [ need quotation to verify ] A village 15 miles south-east of Valikandapuram. The Zeminddrs of Ariyalur, however, were Kallars by caste. Present zamindar refer to themselves as Palli caste. [3] [4] . and, till they received their present sanads, held their estates as arasukavalkarar. In 1871 twenty-seven villages in the Ariyalur zemindari were sold by orders of the Civil Court in satisfaction of debts incurred by the Zemindar, and in 1873 the remaining thirty villages were sold for the same reason. The estate is now held by a number of petty proprietors, whose names are registered in the collectors office, but who have no sanads. [4]
Punavasal Zamin is located in Peravurani taluk in Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. It was a zamin ruled by a Kallar caste with the title of Malavaraya Pandarathar. In 1879, the zamin, which had an area of 2527 acres, was paid to the Government at 350 rupees 15 annas 7 paise. [5] [ need quotation to verify ]
Nadar is a Tamil caste of India. Nadars are predominant in the districts of Kanyakumari, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar.
Ariyalur district is an administrative district, one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district headquarters is located at Ariyalur. The district encompasses an area of 1,949.31 km2.
Ukkirapandi Muthuramalinga Thevar, also known as Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar, was a farmer, politician, freedom fighter and a spritualist from the Thevar community.He is revered as a demigod in southern Tamil Nadu. He was elected three times to the national Parliamentary Constituency. The birth anniversary of Muthuramalinga Thevar on October 30 is celebrated annually by the Thevar community in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu as Thevar Jayanthi.
Vellalar is a group of castes in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and northeastern parts of Sri Lanka. The Vellalar are members of several endogamous castes such as the numerically strong Arunattu Vellalar, Chozhia Vellalar, Karkarthar Vellalar, Kongu Vellalar, Thuluva Vellalar and Sri Lankan Vellalar.
The Pallar, who prefer to be called Mallar, are an agricultural community from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Pallars traditionally inhabited the fertile wetland area referred to as Marutham in the literary devices of the Sangam landscape. Today, they are the dominant Dalit community of southern Tamil Nadu and have developed a reputation for being assertive about their rights. Due to the demand of the pallar community to classify them under a more dignified generic name Devendrakula Velalar, recently they together with six other related castes have been given the name Devendrakula Velalar; however their original caste name remains valid and they are still part of the Scheduled Caste list.
Maravar are a Tamil community in the state of Tamil Nadu. These people are one of the three branches of the Mukkulathor confederacy. Members of the Maravar community often use the honorific title Thevar. They are classified as an Other Backward Class or a Denotified Tribe in Tamil Nadu, depending on the district.
The Mukkulathor people, who are also collectively known as Thevar, are a community or group of communities native to the central and southern districts of Tamil Nadu, India. They comprise the Agamudayar, Kallar and Maravar communities that share a common myth of origin and claim to have once been members of various ancient South Indian dynasties.
The region of Tamil Nadu in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE. Throughout its history, spanning the early Upper Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures.
Muhammad Yusuf Khan was a commandant of the British East India Company's Madras Army. He was born in a Tamil Vellalar clan family in a village called Keelapanaiyur in British India, what is now in Mudukulathur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu, India. He converted to Islam and was named Muhammad Yusuf Khan. He was popularly known as Khan Sahib when he became the ruler of Madurai. He became a warrior in the Arcot troops, and later a commandant for the British East India Company troops. The British and the Arcot Nawab employed him to suppress the Polygar uprising in South India. Later he was entrusted to administer the Madurai country when the Madurai Nayak rule ended.
A valari is a traditional weapon, primarily used by the Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. The valari resembles, and is used similar to a boomerang or throwing club. It was used by the Tamil people in ancient battles, for protecting cattle from predators, and for hunting. The British called valari "collery-sticks" after the Kallar caste that used them.
Vadama, meaning "Northerners", are a sub-sect of the Iyer community of Tamil Brahmins. While some believe that their name is an indication of the fact that they were the most recent Brahmin migrants to the Tamil country others interpret the usage of the term "Vadama" as a reference to their strict adherence to the Sanskrit language and Vedic rituals which are of northerly origin.
Palaiyakkarars, or Poligar, Palegara in Andhra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu were the holders of a small kingdom as a feudatory to a greater sovereign. Under this system, palayam was given for valuable military services rendered by any individual. The word pālayam means domain, a military camp, or a small kingdom. This type of Palayakkarars system was in practice during the rule of Pratapa Rudhra of Warangal in the Kakatiya kingdom. The system was put in place in Tamil Nadu by Viswanatha Nayak, when he became the Nayak ruler of Madurai in 1529, with the support of his minister Ariyanathar. Traditionally there were supposed to be 72 Palayakkarars. The majority of those Palaiyakkarar, who during the late 17th- and 18th-centuries controlled much of the Telugu region as well as the Tamil area, had themselves come from the Kallar, Maravar and Vatuka communities.
Kallar is one of the three related castes of southern India which constitute the Mukkulathor confederacy. The Kallar, along with the Maravar and Agamudayar, constitute a united social caste on the basis of parallel professions, though their locations and heritages are wholly separate from one another.
The Madras Presidency was a province of British India comprising most of the present day Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh along with a few districts and taluks of Karnataka, Kerala and Odisha. A few princely states, notably Ramnad and Pudukkottai also merged into the Presidency at some or the other time. The Presidency lasted till 1950, when it became the Madras State after India became a republic. In 1953, Telugu-speaking regions of the state split to form Andhra State. Subsequently, in 1956, Kannada- and Malayalam-speaking areas were merged with Mysore and Travancore-Cochin respectively.
Kollankondan was a territory (Zamin) in the former Tirunelveli province of Madurai Nayak Dynasty ruled by Polygar. Post Independence of India it split into as 2 villages Ayan Kollan Kondan and Zamin Kollan Kondan Kollankondan Pommumma Samy in Thoothukudi district God in Thoothukudi district ayyanar and come under Virudhunagar District in the southern Indian State of Tamil Nadu in India.
KallalagarTemple or Kallazhagar Temple, also known by its own toponym Thirumaliruncholai, is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu in Alagar Koyil, a village in Madurai district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture, the temple is glorified in the Naalayira Divya Prabandham, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Alvar saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshiped as Kallalagar, and his consort Lakshmi as Thirumagal. This temple is called as Thirumaliruncholai in Sangam literatures and Naalayira Divya Prabandham sung by Tamil Alvar saints.
Piramalai Kallars is a sub caste of the Kallars and thus are part of the Mukkulathor community that also includes the Maravar and Agamudayar castes. They belong to Other Backward class/Denotified class in Tamil nadu.
Uthumalai, also known as Uttumalai, is a village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies in Veerakeralampudur taluk, which itself is in Tenkasi district.
Poraiyar Nadar's estate, popularly known as Nadar estate was one of the largest zamindari estate in the erstwhile Tanjore district of Madras Presidency, British India. Headquartered in the village of Poraiyar, Mayiladuthurai district, Nadar's estate covered a total area of 7000 acres in the Cauvery delta region.