Thanjavur district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. Its headquarters is Thanjavur (Tanjore) . The district is located in the delta of the Cauvery River and is mostly agrarian.
According to the 2011 census, Thanjavur district had a population of 2,405,890 with a sex-ratio of 1,035 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 35.39% of the population lived in urban areas.[6] A total of 238,598 were under the age of six, constituting 121,949 males and 116,649 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 18.91% and 0.15% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.44%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[6] The district had a total of 605,363 households. There were a total of 974,079 workers, comprising 117,321 cultivators, 327,673 main agricultural labourers, 26,430 in house hold industries, 363,060 other workers, 139,595 marginal workers, 12,592 marginal cultivators, 87,688 marginal agricultural labourers, 4,770 marginal workers in household industries and 34,545 other marginal workers.[7]
Thanjavur district lies in the Kaveri delta, the most fertile region in the state.[11] The district is the main rice producing region in the state and hence known as the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu.[12] The Kaveri River and its tributaries irrigate the district. Apart from paddy, farmers here grow coconut and sugarcane and it is the largest producer of coconut in Tamil Nadu. Being an agrarian economy, industrial growth in the district is mainly confined to agro-based industries. Many rice mills and oil mills are spread over the district.[citation needed]
Tourism
Great Living Chola Temples of Thanjavur
Airavateswara Temple, in Darasuram, near Kumbakonam, Thanjavur district, was built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century CE, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Thanjavur's Brihadisvara Temple (known also as Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyār Kōvil), built by the Cholas and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the largest of its kind and also one of the finest examples of classical Dravidian architecture in the world. Airavateswara Temple, in Darasuram, near Kumbakonam, has also been designated part of the same UNESCO World Heritage site and forms another major tourist attraction of the district. The green paddy fields of the Kaveri river valley provide a picturesque setting for these and other important ancient monuments of the district.
The Manora Fort is situated 20km (12mi) away from Pattukkottai and 60km (37mi) from Thanjavur in the village of Mallipattinam. The fort was built by Maratha ruler Serfoji II in 1814–1815 to commemorate the successful advance of the British over Napoléon Bonaparte. Overlooking the Bay of Bengal, the fort is hexagonal structure and has eight storeys, raising to a height of 75ft (23m), tapering to its top. The tower is surrounded by a wall and a moat, resembling a fort. The monument looks like a pagoda, with arched windows, circular staircase and eaves separating one storey from the other.[citation needed]
Flora
The flora of Thanjavur was studied and documented in some detail by S. A. Ganapathy for a doctoral thesis in 1992.[13]
1 2 "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
↑ Ragupathy, Subramanyam (1992). Flora of Thanjavur District. Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis. Madras, India: Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras.
Kumbakonam, or Kudanthai, is a city municipal corporation in the Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 40 km (25 mi) from Thanjavur and 282 km (175 mi) from Chennai and is the headquarters of the Kumbakonam taluk of Thanjavur district. It is the second largest city in the district after Thanjavur. The city is bounded by two rivers, the Kaveri River to the north and Arasalar River to the south. Kumbakonam is known as a "Temple town" due to the prevalence of a number of temples here and is noted for its Mahamaham festival, which happens once in 12 years, attracting people from all over the country.
Thanjavur, also known as Thanjai, previously known as Tanjore, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the 11th biggest city in Tamil Nadu and biggest and most populous city in delta region. Thanjavur is an important center of southern Indian religion, art, and architecture. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. The foremost among these, the Brihadeeswara Temple, built by the Chola emperor Rajaraja I, is located in the centre of the city. This temple has one of the largest bull statue in India carved out of a single granite rock called Nandi. Thanjavur is also home to Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region. Thanjavur is the headquarters of the Thanjavur District. The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Kaveri Delta and is known as the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is administered by a municipal corporation covering an area of 36.31 km2 (14.02 sq mi) and had a population of 222,943. Roadways are the major means of transportation, while the city also has railway connectivity. The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport, located 59.6 km (37.0 mi) away from the city. The nearest seaport is Karaikal, which is 94 km (58 mi) away from Thanjavur. The city first rose to prominence during the reign of the Cholas when it served as the capital of the empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties such as the Mutharaiyar dynasty, the Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire, the Madurai Nayaks, the Thanjavur Nayaks, the Thanjavur Marathas and the British Empire. It has been a part of independent India since 1947.
Mayiladuthurai is a Municipality and district headquarter of Mayiladuthurai district in Tamil Nadu, India. The town is located at a distance of 256 km (159 mi) from the state capital, Chennai.
Nagapattinam is a town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Nagapattinam district. The town came to prominence during the period of Medieval Cholas and served as their important port for commerce and east-bound naval expeditions. The Chudamani Vihara in Nagapattinam constructed by the Srivijayan king Sri Mara Vijayattungavarman of the Sailendra dynasty with the help of Rajaraja Chola I was an important Buddhist structure in those times. Nagapattinam was settled by the Portuguese and, later, the Dutch under whom it served as the capital of Dutch Coromandel from 1660 to 1781. In November 1781, the town was conquered by the British East India Company. It served as the capital of Tanjore district from 1799 to 1845 under Madras Presidency of the British. It continued to be a part of Thanjavur district in Independent India. In 1991, it was made the headquarters of the newly created Nagapattinam District. Nagapattinam is administered by a Special grade municipality covering an area of 17.92 km2 (6.92 sq mi) and had a population of 102,905 as of 2011.
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Pattukkottai is a major town in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and also important town in Delta districts and Commercial town of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Pudukkottai district Coastal areas. The town came to prominence throughout Southern India after the construction of the fort by Vanaji Pandithar, a feudatory of the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Shahuji I in 1686–87. The recorded history of Pattukkottai is known from the 17th century and has been ruled, at different times, by the Thanjavur Marathas and the British. It is the headquarters of the Pattukkottai taluk of Thanjavur district and is one of the two municipalities in the district.
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