Thiruvaiyaru

Last updated

Thiruvaiyaru
Panchayat Town
Kaviri at Thiruvaiyaru.jpg
The Kaveri River at Thiruvaiyaru
India Tamil Nadu location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Thiruvaiyaru
Location in Tamil Nadu, India
Coordinates: 10°53′N79°06′E / 10.88°N 79.1°E / 10.88; 79.1
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Tamil Nadu
District Thanjavur
Region Chola Nadu
Government
  BodyTown Panchayat
Elevation
38 m (125 ft)
Population
 (2011)
  Total
16,164
Languages
  Official Tamil
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)

Thiruvaiyaru (also spelled as Tiruvaiyaru or Tiruvayyaru) is a panchayat town in Thanjavur District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Contents

Etymology

Thiruvaiyaru means Five Rivers around the city. The Five Rivers are Vadavaar, Vennaar, Vettaar, Kudamurutti and Kaveri. On the highway from Thanjavur, you pass five bridges over the Vadavar, Vettar, Vennar, Kudamurutti and Kaveri, the five rivers from which Thiruvaiyaru gets its name (thiru = sacred; ai(ndhu) = five; aaru = river)

History

The vast temple in this town, known as "Dakshina Kailasam" (Southern abode of Siva), built in an area of approximately 60,000 square meters, has five prakaram (outer precincts used for religious purposes) and many 'mandapams' (great halls). Several inscriptions in the temple affiliates the temple to the Cholas, Pandyas, and other rulers. Karikala Chola, Rajaraja the Great, Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan, and Krishna Devarayar are associated with Thiruvaiyaru. The temple has two distinct divisions called 'Uttarakailasam' and 'Dakshinakailasam'. Uttarakailasam was built by Rajaraja Chola's chief queen Dantisaktivitanki alias Lokamahadevi in the late 10th century who also made several endowments. [1] It was called Lokamahadevi Isvaram Udaiyar Mahadevar after the queen herself. [2] She endowed several musical instruments during the time of Rajaraja while his daughter Gangamahadevi alias Arumoli Chandramalli gifted several fly-whisks to the presiding deity. [3] Dakshina kailasam was renovated by Rajendra Cholan's queen. The Tevaram trinity (Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar) have composed more than 100 songs on the presiding deity of this temple town. The town is called as "Ai-aaru" (ஐயாறு), meaning five rivers, by them. [4]

Geography

Thiruvaiyaru is situated on the banks of the river Kaveri, 11 km (6.8 mi) from North of Thanjavur.

Thiruvaiyaru is located at 10°53′N79°06′E / 10.88°N 79.1°E / 10.88; 79.1 . [5] It has an average elevation of 38  metres (124  feet).

Demographics

Population

The Thiruvaiyaru Town Panchayat has population of 16,164 of which 7,895 are males while 8,269 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Thiruvaiyaru has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 70%. In Thiruvaiyaru, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Government and politics

Thiruvaiyaru is the headquarters of the Thiruvaiyaru taluk. Tiruvaiyaru assembly constituency is part of Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency). [6]

Police

On the law and order front, Thiruvaiyaru has a Munsif court and police stations (including an all women police station) to tackle crime and other issues related to civic unrest.

Economy

Most of the shops and businesses include services for farmers from nearby villages. Other than services and retail, Important sectors that provide employment in the town are state government, health, primary education.

The town area is densely populated and lined up with a litany of retail shops ranging from small to medium. The main business areas are South street, Theradi (where the temple car is parked) and Odathurai street where the new revamped bus stand with retail shops is located. Thiruvaiyaru has a Government hospital and few (3+) 24/7 private hospitals as well.

Culture/Cityscape

Tourist Attractions

Thiruvaiyaru has an old Siva temple dedicated to Aiyarappar or Panchanatheeswar.

Music and films

Thiruvaiyaru is more renowned for its association with Saint Thyagaraja, who, along with Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Sastri, comprised the Trinity of Carnatic music.

Thiruvaiyaru is known for its annual Thyagaraja Aradhana music festival. There are so many private music teachers and Bharathanatiyam teachers available in town. The only tertiary education provider in town, Tamil Nadu Government Music College offers courses in music from Diploma through to Doctoral programs [7]

Famous persons

Near the Shiva temple is the one-roomed house where Thyagaraja composed some of his greatest works. Thyagaraja was interred on the banks of the river Kaveri and it is called the revered Samadhi (burial place) of the saint composer and it is here that the greatest music festival in the country takes place annually. Nearby are the Samadhis (burial places) of some of the other saints like Shiva Prakasha Swamigal and Bangalore Nagaratnamma, who actually identified and rebuilt the Samadhi of Sri Tyagaraja.

The Thyagaraja Aradhana festival is held in the Bahula Panchami Thithi of Margazhi (Margashirsha)Tamil month which falls on December or January when most of the leading exponents of Carnatic music come to perform and are watched by thousands of ardent fans of classical music. A huge complex is built at this site to accommodate the large audience that come to the concert in ever increasing numbers every year.

Transport

By Air

The nearest airport to reach Thiruvaiyaru is at Thiruchirapalli, which is located at a distance of about 56 km.

By Rail

Nearest railway station is situated at Thanjavur (13 km) and another railway station at Ariyalur (30 km)[Trichy-Chennai line]

By Road

There is a direct bus service from Thanjavur, which lies at a distance of 11 km from Thiruvaiyaru. National Highway No.136 from Thanjavur connect Thiruvaiyaru, Ariyalur, Perambalur bypass and Aththur bypass. State roads to Kumbakonam at 37 km (23 mi) in the East and Kallanai 33 km in the West connect Thiruvaiyaru.

Education

Schools


Adjacent communities

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyagaraja</span> Composer in Carnatic classical music

Sadguru Tyagaraja Swami, also known as Tyagayya, and in full as Kakarla Tyagabrahmam, was a saint and composer of Carnatic music, a form of Indian classical music. Tyagaraja and his contemporaries, Shyama Shastri and Muthuswami Dikshitar, are regarded as the Trinity of Carnatic music. Tyagaraja composed thousands of devotional compositions, most in Telugu and in praise of Rama, many of which remain popular today. However, only 720 of these are in vogue. Of special mention are five of his compositions called the Pancharatna Kritis, which are often sung in programs in his honour. Tyagaraja composed Utsava Sampradaya Krithis, which are often sung to accompany temple rituals and Divya Nama Sankeertanas which are sung as a part of concerts and in daily life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyagaraja Aradhana</span> Annual music festival in India

Thyagaraja Aradhana is an annual aradhana of Telugu saint composer Tyagaraja. The music festival is observed in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, primarily in Tiruvaiyaru in Thanjavur district of Tamilnadu, the place where Tyagaraja attained Jeeva Samadhi. The aradhana is observed on Pushya Bahula Panchami day when the saint attained Jeeva samadhi, where the musicians render the saint's Pancharatna Kritis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chola Nadu</span> Region of Tamil Nadu

Chola Nadu is an ancient region spanning on the current state of Tamil Nadu and union territory of Puducherry in southern India. It encompasses the lower reaches of the Kaveri River and its delta, and formed the cultural homeland and political base of the Chola Dynasty which ruled large parts of India and Sri Lanka between the 9th and 13th centuries CE. Uraiyur served as the early Chola capital, then medieval Cholas shifted to Thanjavur and later cholas king Rajendra Chola I moved the capital to Gangaikonda Cholapuram in Ariyalur district in the 11th century CE. Chola Nadu is therefore larger than the Tanjore region or the Cauvery delta in the strict sense. Although it essentially corresponds to these two overlapping areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiruvarur</span> Municipality in Tamil Nadu, India

Thiruvarur also spelt as Tiruvarur is a municipality in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Thiruvarur district and Thiruvarur taluk. The temple chariot of the Thyagaraja temple, weighing 360 tonnes (790,000 lb) and measuring 96 feet (29 m) tall is the largest temple chariot in India. Thiruvarur is the birthplace of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri, popularly known as the Trinity of Carnatic music of the 18th century CE. Thiruvarur Thiyagarajaa Swaamy temple is older than Tanjore big temple.

Palamaneri (Pazhamarneri) is a small village situated on the South bank of the River Kaveri. It is located 30 km northwest of Thanjavur and 32 km northeast of Trichy. It is 2.5 km from Thirukattupalli.

Melathiruppanthuruthi is a panchayat town in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.South India's Cleanest town panchayat and best in Solid waste management in south zone awarded by central government of India 2019-2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thirukattupalli</span> Panchayat Town in Tamil Nadu, India

Thirukattupalli is a panchayat town near Thiruvaiyaru in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The economy of this town is majorly based on the agricultural lands of the surrounding villages. Its nearby major cities include Thanjavur and Trichy. Modes of transportation to these cities include regular daily bus services and Budalur Railway Station. Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer Higher Secondary School located at the heart of this town serves as the alma-mater for nearly all locals.

Anai Ayya brothers were brothers were two brothers named Anai and Ayya who lived in the 18-19th century Tamil Nadu, and were composers of Carnatic music. Anai Iyer (1776-1850) and Ayyavaiyyar (1778-1857) used the mudra and composed mostly in Telugu and Tamil. Anai Ayya brothers were born in Vaiyacheri and spent all of their life in the village.

The river Arasalar is a river that flows through Tamil Nadu and Pudducherry, and a distributary of Kaveri river which splits into 5 different rivers when it enters into Thanjavur district from Trichy. It separates from river Kaveri in the place near Pullambadi where the Kaveri is stopped by Lower Anaicut and from Thiruvaiyaru. The river is one of the seven rivers that run in the Karaikal region of Puducherry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur</span> Temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Thyagaraja Temple is a Shiva temple, located in the town of Thiruvarur in Tamil Nadu state, India. Shiva is worshiped in the form of a lingam as Thyagarajaswami, also known as Putridankondar. His consort Parvati is worshipped as Goddess Neelotpalambika. She is also worshipped as Goddess Kamalambika, whose separate shrine is an important center for Shaktism and Tantra, and is also regarded to be one of the Shakti Peethas. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Shaiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written in Tamil by saint poets known as the Nayanars and the shrine is classified as a Paadal Petra Sthalam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahalingeswarar Temple, Thiruvidaimarudur</span> Hindu temple in Thanjavur

Mahalingeswaraswamy Temple, Thiruvidaimarudur is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located in Tiruvidaimaruthur, a village in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is significant to the Hindu sect of Saivism as one of the seven major Shiva temples. Shiva is worshiped as Mahalingeswaraswamy, and is represented by the lingam, with his idol referred to as Jyothirmayalingam. His consort Mookambika is depicted as Devi Bruhatsundarakuchaambika or Bruhatsundarakuchaambigai amman. The lingam of the temple is believed to be the focal point for the seven consorts of Shiva. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil poet saints known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The 9th century Saiva saint poet Manikkavacakar has sung praise about the temple in his works. Pattinattar, one of the revered saints visited this shrine many times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neyyadiappar Temple, Tillaistanam</span> Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Neyyadiappar Temple, Tillaistanam is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in the village of Thillaisthanam also known as Tillaisthanam or Thiruneithanam in Tamil Nadu, India. It is significant to the Hindu sect of Shaivism as one of the Saptasthanam, the seven temples associated with Aiyarappar temple in Thiruvaiyaru. Shiva is represented by the lingam in the form of Neyyadiappar. His consort Parvati is depicted as Piraisoodi Amman. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century-CE Tamil Shaiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aiyarappar Temple</span> Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Aiyarappar is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in the village of Tiruvaiyaru, Tamil Nadu, India. Shiva is worshiped as Aiyarappar, and is represented by the lingam and his consort Parvati is depicted as AramValarthaNaayagi. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil poet saints known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chakravageswarar Temple, Chakkarappalli</span> Shiva temple in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India

Chakramangai or Chakravageswarar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Hindu deity Shiva and is located in Chakkarapalli, Papanasam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is incarnated by the hymns of Thevaram, the 7th century Tamil literature and is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. It is one of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams, where the three of the most revered Nayanars, Appar and Tirugnana Sambandar have glorified the temple with their verses during the 7th-8th century. The temple has been widely expanded by Chola kings during the 11th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pushpavananathar Temple, Tiruppoonturutti</span> Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Pushpavananathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in the village of Tiruppoonturutti near Tiruvaiyaru, Tamil Nadu, India. Shiva is worshiped as Aiyarappar, and is represented by the lingam and his consort Parvati is depicted as Soundaranayagi. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil poet saints known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Odhanavaneswarar Temple, Tiruchotruturai</span> Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Odhanavaneswarar Temple, Tiruchotruturai is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in the village of Tiruchotruthurai, Tamil Nadu, India. The Five Rivers are Vadavaru, Vennaaru, Vettaaru, Kudamuruttiyaaru and Kaaviriyaaru. Shiva is worshiped as Odhanavaneswarar, and is represented by the lingam and his consort Parvati is depicted as Annapoorani. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil poet saints known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vedapuriswarar Temple, Thiruvedhikudi</span> Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Vedapuriswarar Temple, Thiruvedhikudi or Vazhaimadunathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Thiruvedhikudi near Tiruvaiyaru, Tamil Nadu, India. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil poet saints known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The temple is counted as the earliest of all Chola temples.

Kudamurutti River a distributary of the Kaveri, is one of the five sacred rivers that flows in Thiruvaiyaru in the Thanjavur District of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. Kudamurutti River branches off from the Kaveri River at Tiruchirapalli. The ancient name of this river was Kaduvaai which was mentioned in Tevaram, Tamil Saivite devotional poetry. The river is related to the famous saint Sri Narayana Teertha who is believed to have attained enlightenment here. As it is believed to be a sacred river, River Kudamurutti is the Theertham of Tiruvalampozhil Temple. There are many Temples located beside the river namely, Vishahareswara Temple, Kalyana Varadharaja Perumal Temple. At the end of the Kudamuruti river at Kaveri, there located a famous temple of goddess AYYALAMAN

Kandiyur, also referred to as Thirukkandiyur, is a village in the Thiruvaiyaru taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. Kandiyur is 3.7 km away from the block's headquarters and Thiruvaiyaru, a sacred place. The village is centered around Kandeeswarar temple, after which it is named.

Vishnampettai is a large village in Budalur block, Thiruvaiyaru taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. This village is located in the banks of Kaveri River, Kollidam River and Kudamurutti River.

References

  1. K. M. Venkataramaiah, International School of Dravidian Linguistics. A handbook of Tamil Nadu. International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 1996 - History - 544 pages. p. 360.
  2. S. R. Balasubrahmanyam. Middle Chola Temples: Rajaraja I to Kulottunga I, A.D. 985-1070. Thomson Press (India), 1975 - Hindu temples - 424 pages. p. 89.
  3. Archaeological Survey of India, India. Dept. of Archaeology. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy for ... Manager of Publications, 1995. p. 7.
  4. Tiruvaiyaru Panchanadeeswarar -Aiyaarappar Temple - Sivasthalam
  5. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Thiruvaiyaru
  6. "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Tamil Nadu. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
  7. Tamilnadu Government Music College - Thiruvaiyaru

Places Names changed as per the Tamil Nadu State Government Gazette Notification No. 14 Dated 1 April 2020.