Tiruvannamalai district

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Tiruvannamalai
Central Arcot District
Thiruvannamalai
Arunchaleshvara Temple - Tiruvannamalai - India 02.JPG
Seeyamangalam rock cut jain temple.JPG
Tirumalai jaintemple 4.jpg
Fort - Vandavasi.jpg
Tirumalai Kovil, Western Ghats 01.jpg
Clockwise from top-left: Arunachalesvara Temple at Tiruvannamalai, Seeyamangalam Jain Temple, Vandavasi & Aarani Fort, View of Eastern Ghats, Tirumalai Jain Temple
Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu (India).svg
Location in Tamil Nadu
Tiruvannamalai district
Tiruvannamalai district
Coordinates: 12°25′N79°7′E / 12.417°N 79.117°E / 12.417; 79.117
CountryIndia
State Tamil Nadu
District Tiruvannamalai
City Tiruvannamalai
Municipalities1.Tiruvannamalai, 2.Aarani, 3.Cheyyar, 4.Vandavasi
Total Urban areas22
North Arcot26.1.1989
Named for King Sambhuvarayar
Headquarters Tiruvannamalai
Talukas Tiruvannamalai, Kilpennathur, Aarani, Cheyyar, Chengam, Polur, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet, Thandarampattu, and Vembakkam
Government
  BodyDistrict collectrate
  CollectorMurugesh I.A.S
Area
   District of Tamil Nadu 6,191 km2 (2,390 sq mi)
  RankSecond
Population
 (2011) [1]
   District of Tamil Nadu 2,464,875
  Rank4th rank in Tamil Nadu
  Density654/km2 (1,690/sq mi)
   Metro
1,496,343
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code [[ISO 3166-2:IN|]]
Vehicle registration TN-25, TN-97
Coastline0 kilometres (0 mi)
Largest cityTiruvannamalai
Sex ratio 1000:994 /
Literacy79.33%
Legislature Strength12
Lok Sabha constituencyAarani and Tiruvannamalai
Vidhan Sabha constituencyAarani, Cheyyar, Chengam, Kalasapakkam, Peranamallur, Polur, Tiruvannamalai city, Tiruvannamalai rural, Thandarampattu, Pudupalayam, chettupattu and Vandavasi
Precipitation 5,646 millimetres (222.3 in)
Website tiruvannamalai.nic.in

Tiruvannamalai district (previously known as Central Arcot, Tiruvannamalai Sambhuvarayar District) is the second largest district in Tamil Nadu by area after Dindigul District and one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu, in South India. It was formed in the year 1989 through the bifurcation of North Arcot into the Tiruvannamalai Sambuvarayar and Vellore Ambedkar districts. The city of Tiruvannamalai is the district headquarters.

Contents

The district is divided into 12 TaluksArani, Chengam, Tiruvannamalai, Polur, Thandarampattu, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet, Kilpennathur, Jamunamarathoor, Cheyyar and Vembakkam. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males.

History

Tiruvannamalai is one of the most venerated places in Tamil Nadu. In ancient times, the term "Annamalai" meant an inaccessible mountain. The word "Thiru" was prefixed to signify its greatness, and coupled with the two terms, it was called Thiruvannamalai. Thiru means 'holy' or 'sacred' and is traditionally used in front of names in all parts of Tamil Nadu like Thiruneermalai (Lord Ranganatha), Thirunageswaram (Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva), Thirumayam (Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva), Thirumayilai (Lord Adikeshava Perumal and Lord Kapali Eshwaran), Tiruvannamalai (Lord Shiva), Thiruchendur (Lord Muruga), Tiruchirappalli (Rockfort Lord Thaiyumanavar and Lord Sriranganathar), Thiruttani (Lord Muruga), Tiruchengode (Lord Shiva), Thiruchitrambalam (Lord Shiva), Thirumanancheri (Lord Shiva), Thirunallar (Lord Shani Eshwaran), Thiruporur (Lord Muruga), Thirukkadaiyur (Lord Shiva), Tirukalukundram (Lord Vedagiriswarar temple), Thirukarugavur (Lord Garbharakshambigai temple), Tirunelveli, Tiruppur, Tiruvallur and many more.

The temple town of Tiruvannamalai is one of the most ancient heritage sites of India and is a centre of the Saiva religion. The Arunachala hill and its environs have been held in great regard by the Tamils for centuries. The temple is grand in conception and architecture and is rich in tradition, history and festivals. The main Deepam festival attracts devotees from far and wide throughout South India. It has historic places besides Tiruvannamalai, Polur, Arani, Vandavasi, Devikapuram connected to East India and French companies. Arani and Vandavasi had important places in the history of pre-independence. In the late Chola period the district was ruled by the Cholan of Sambuvarayar having Padavedu near Arani as HQ. We can now find the fort and note along with a Shiva temple namely Kailasanathar in Arani town.

After independence Tiruvannamalai was under North Arcot District. The civil district of North Arcot was divided into Vellore District and Tiruvannamalai District in October 1989. P. Kolappan was the first Collector of Tiruvannamalai District. On the whole Tiruvannamalai is traditionally rich in Historic and spiritual values but lacks in industrial growth.

Geography

The district shares borders with Kanchipuram and Chengalpattu districts in the east, Villupuram and Kallakurichi districts in the south, Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri districts in the west, and Vellore, Ranipet and Tirupattur districts in the north.

Climate

The average annual rainfall of the study area[ which? ] is 1350 mm, out of which 80 percent is received during monsoon. The soils of the study area have an Ustic moisture regime and Hyperthermic temperature regime. Tiruvannamalai District comes under the Eastern Ghats (TN uplands) and Deccan plateau, hot semiarid region with red loamy soil with cropping period of 90 to 150 days. Excepting hills, the district falls in the North Eastern agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. The average annual rainfall of the study area is 1350.4 mm, out of which 80 percent is received during monsoon. The soils of the study area have an Ustic moisture regime and Hyperthermic temperature regime.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901754,287    
1911875,117+1.50%
1921942,378+0.74%
19311,070,320+1.28%
19411,173,298+0.92%
19511,223,154+0.42%
19611,328,359+0.83%
19711,524,349+1.39%
19811,785,798+1.60%
19912,042,979+1.35%
20012,186,125+0.68%
20112,464,875+1.21%
source: [2]

According to 2011 census, Tiruvannamalai District had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. [3] A total of 272,569 were under the age of six, constituting 141,205 males and 131,364 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 22.94% and 3.69% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 66.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. [3] The district had a total of 588,836 households. There were a total of 1,238,177 workers, comprising 265,183 cultivators, 351,310 main agricultural labourers, 37,020 in house hold industries, 316,559 other workers, 268,105 marginal workers, 27,458 marginal cultivators, 173,753 marginal agricultural labourers, 9,700 marginal workers in household industries and 57,194 other marginal workers. [4]

Religions in Tiruvannamalai district (2011) [5]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
93.08%
Islam
3.72%
Christianity
2.72%
Other or not stated
0.48%

Hindus are the major religion. The Arunachalesvara Temple in Tiruvannamalai is particularly famous. Muslims live in urban areas while Christians are mostly rural.

Languages of Tiruvannamalai district (2011) [6]

   Tamil (94.31%)
   Urdu (2.66%)
   Telugu (2.36%)
  Others (0.67%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 94.31% of the population spoke Tamil, 2.66% Urdu and 2.36% Telugu as their first language. [6]

Politics

Source: [7] [8]
DistrictNo.ConstituencyNamePartyAllianceRemarks
Tiruvannamalai 62 Chengam (SC) M. P. Giri Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
63 Tiruvannamalai E. V. Velu Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
64 Kilpennathur K. Pitchandi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA Deputy Speaker
65 Kalasapakkam P. S. T. Saravanan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
66 Polur S. S. Krishnamoorthy All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
67 Arani Sevvoor S. Ramachandran All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
68 Cheyyar O. Jothi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
69 Vandavasi (SC) S. Ambeth Kumar Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA

Administration

Tiruvannamalai District has an area of 6,191 km2. It is bounded on the north by Vellore District and Tirupattur District, on the east by Kanchipuram District, on the south by Villupuram District, and on the west by Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts. Tiruvannamalai District is divided into 3 sub districts (Arani, Tiruvannamalai and Cheyyar), twelve taluks, 27 blocks and 1,061 villages covering an area of 631,205 ha. The twelve taluks of Tiruvannamalai are listed below:

TalukHeadquartersAreaRevenue villagesPopulation
(2011)
Pop density
1 Tiruvannamalai-Urban Tiruvannamalai102 km2135409,8263,382 /km2
2 Tiruvannamalai-Rural Kul Pennathur102 km277169,7593,382 /km2
3 Thandarampattu Thandarampattu691 km263179,559593 /km2
4 Chengam Chengam510 km2121280,581639 /km2
5 Arani Arani 327 km255294,976673 /km2
6 Polur Polur509 km2111251,685645 /km2
7 Kalasapakkam Kalasapakkam 532 km252140,301618 /km2
8 Javvadhumalai Jamunamarathoor 645 km24247,271291 /km2
9 Cheyyar Tiruvethipuram 344 km2131218,188618 /km2
10 Vandavasi Vandavasi645 km2161275,079652 /km2
11 Chettupattu Chettupattu493 km276146,806588 /km2
12 Vembakkam Vembakkam310 km291124,188581 /km2

List of cities having population of one lakh and above as per 2011 Census: [9]

CityPopulationCityPopulation
1Tiruvannamalai3,80,5439 Gandhinagar-Lakshmipuram 45,571
2 Arani 1,43,78310 Kalambur 31,751
3 Vandavasi 1,16,45211 Vettavalam 28,059
4Polur1,01,42012 Pudupalayam 25,374
5 Tiruvethipuram 87,90113 Thyagi Annamalai Nagar 24,329
6 Chengam 74,90114 Peranamallur 22,619
7 Chettupattu 59,58015 Adamangalam-Pudur 21,750
8Kalasapakkam46,91016 Kizh-Pennathur 21,308

Taluks

The district is composed of Talukas namely Tiruvannamalai taluk, Tiruvannamalai Rural Arani, Cheyyar, Chengam, Polur, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet Thandarampattu, and Vembakkam

Economy

In the District Arani and Tiruvannamalai regions are the highest revenue-generating regions.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Tiruvannamalai one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). [10] It is one of the six districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). [10]

Agriculture

Tiruvannamalai District is known for its two major businesses, agriculture and silk saree weaving. Rice cultivation and processing is one of the biggest businesses in this district. 112013 hectares of paddy cultivation is irrigated by 1965 lakes and 18 reservoirs and small dams. It has 18 regulated markets through which the farmers sell their agri products directly to the government. Through these regulated markets, 271411 metric tonnes of paddy harvested in 2007. There are many rice mills to process paddy found throughout the district. The modern rice mill near Cheyyar is the biggest government owned mill and Arani has around 278 rice mills. Kalambur is also has around 20 Rice mills and known for variety of rice called Kalambur Ponni rice. Kalambur Ponni rice is famous across the state and being shipped to places like Chennai, Coimbatore, Vellore, and the like.

Silk weaving

The district has a large populace of weavers who are specialize in making Silk sarees. Hand looms are often engaged for weaving, although recently some have turned to mechanized methods of using Power looms. Arani taluk contributes high percent of Silk weaving. Arani is the most important revenue earning town in the district. Though the town is not popular off the state, a bulk of India's Silk apparels is produced by the people of Arani.[ citation needed ]

Industrialization

The district started to industrialize following the establishment of the industrial complex near Cheyyar by the State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT). [11] This is evidenced by the recent announcements of a 250-acre (1.0 km2) hi-tech Special Economic Zone for automative components, a 300-acre (1.2 km2) electronics hardware park and the commitment from the Taiwanese Shoe Company to set up its unit. [12] In November 2009 the Tamil Nadu cabinet approved the Mahindara and Mahindra's Rs 1800 core automobile project in 450 acres. This unit will produce tractors, SUVs and commercial vehicles and auto parts. [13] Aluminum die cast unit by Ashley Alteams, a joint venture by Ashok Leyland and Finland-based Alteams Oy started its production in January 2010. [14] This High pressure die cast will manufacture automobile and telecommunication components with initial capacity of 7000 ton per year. [15] One of the largest sugar mills in the country - Cheyyar co-operative sugars - is situated near Cheyyar.

Factories

Since Tiruvannamalai District has its capital at Tiruvannamalai City, there are many factories around Tiruvannamalai. Scent factories are large in number due to the high production of flowers around Tiruvannamalai. They are listed as follows: 1. Hindusthan house hold factories, 2. Sarala birla factory of aroma oil, 3. Parthiban cottages aroma oil factory. The Tamil Nadu government is planning for a SIPCOT at naidumangalam and kilpennathur both near Tiruvannamalai. Arani has the factories related to rice and silk with in the town and in the Taluk area. As well, there are few other mills near Arani, such as Lakshmi Saraswathi Cotton mills Arni Pvt Ltd and some engineering industry.

Arahanthgiri Jain Math

Arahanthgiri Jain Math is a Jain math that was established at this ancient Jain site on 8 February 1998, at Thirumalai, Near Arani. [16] The complex includes three Jain caves, four Jain temples and a 16-meter-high sculpture of Neminatha thought to date from the 12th century that is the tallest Jain idol in Tamil Nadu.

Villages

See also

Related Research Articles

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Kalambur is a selection grade town panchayat in Polur taluk, Tiruvanamalai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, famous for its rice production. As of the 2011 census, the town had a population of 31,751. K.T.R.Palani is a Chairman of Kalambur selection grade Town panchyat.

Peranamallur is a panchayat town in Tiruvannamalai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Polur is a scenic town and a Religious site for Lord Narasimha called Sampathgiri, divisional headquarters and a market center in Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu in India. Located at the foothills of Javvadhi hills, a popular section of Eastern Ghats, Polur is often regarded as Gateway of Eastern ghats. Polur was once an eminent center of Tamil Jainism. The town is home to Dharani sugars, chemicals and fertiliser Pvt., Ltd, and number of agro based industries including coir industries. The famous Chittor - Cuddalore road passes through the town. The town is located 29 Kilometres north of city of Tiruvannamalai and 45 kilometres south of Vellore Metropolis.

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Perungattur is a village located in Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, South India. It is suburb of Cheyyar town. Its 24 km away from the temple town Kanchipuram.

Aarani taluk is a taluk of Thiruvannamalai district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters is the town of Aarani.

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Periya Kozhappalur is a village in Chetpet Taluk, Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Periya Kozhappalur is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the state highway SH-4, between Arani and Chetpet, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from Arani, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Vandavasi, and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from its taluk main town of Chetpet. Kolappalur is 47 kilometres (29 mi) from its district main city Tiruvannamalai. It is 132 kilometres (82 mi) from its state capital Chennai.

Purisai is a village panchayat of Cheyyar Taluk. The village is famous for temples and festivals.

Kunnathur is a village in Arani Taluk in Tiruvannamalai District of Tamil Nadu State, India. It lies on the border between Tiruvannamalai District and Vellore District and is located 64 km north of the District Headquarters in Tiruvannamalai, 8 km from Arani, and 139 km from the state capital Chennai.

Thurinjikuppam Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India, is located in the Polur Taluk, which belongs to the Arani Revenue Division. The famous Adiparasakthi Amman Temple is located here.

References

  1. "2011 Census of India" (Excel). Indian government. 16 April 2011.
  2. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  3. 1 2 "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
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  5. "Table C-01 Population By Religion - Tamil Nadu". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  6. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  7. "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  8. "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  9. Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above.
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  11. "SIPCOT.com website". Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
  12. "TN setting up electronic hardware park". Business Line. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
  13. "TN clears M&M's 1800 cr auto project near Chennai". The Times Of India. 12 November 2009.
  14. Jagannathan, K. T. (20 January 2010). "Ashley Atleams plant inaugurated at Cheyyar". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  15. "MACHINIST - Ashley Alteams commissions Rs.130 crore manufacturing facility in Cheyyar". machinist.in. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  16. "Arihantagiri - Tirumalai". Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  17. Kurumbhur