Salem district

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Salem District
District of Tamil Nadu
Five Roads Junction,Salem.JPG
"A Building in Fort of Attur".JPG
Kottai mariamma temple-bus stand view1-salem Wiki DEC2011-Tamil Nadu613.JPG
Sunset at Mettur.jpg
Shevaroy Hills Yercaud 2.jpg
Clockwise from top-left: Five Roads Junction in Salem, Attur Fort, Mettur Dam, View of Shevaroy Hills near Yercaud, Kottai Mariamma Temple
Nickname(s): 
Steel City, Mango City
Salem in Tamil Nadu (India).svg
Location in Tamil Nadu
Salem district
Salem district
Coordinates: 11°39′52.56″N78°8′45.6″E / 11.6646000°N 78.146000°E / 11.6646000; 78.146000
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State TamilNadu Logo.svg Tamil Nadu
Municipal Corporation Salem City Municipal Corporation
Largest city Salem
Municipalities
Headquarters Salem
Taluks Attur, Gangavalli, Idappadi, Kadayampatti, Mettur, Omalur, Pethanaicken palayam taluk, Salem, Salem South, Salem West, Sangagiri, Vazhapadi, Yercaud, Thalaivasal
Government
 • TypeDistrict
 • BodySalem District Collectorate
 • District CollectorDr. R. Brindha Devi, IAS [1]
 • Superintendent of PoliceSh. GAUTAM GOYAL, IPS
Area
 • Total5,245 km2 (2,025 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total3,482,056
 • Density660/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Tamil
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
636xxx
Telephone code0427
ISO 3166 code [[ISO 3166-2:IN|]]
Vehicle registration TN-27, TN-30, TN-52, TN-54, TN-77, TN-90, TN-93
Central location: 11°39′N78°8′E / 11.650°N 78.133°E / 11.650; 78.133
Website salem.nic.in

Salem District is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district is now divided into Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Namakkal as individual districts. Salem is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include Mettur, Tharamangalam, Thammampatti, Attur, Omalur, Sangagiri and Edappadi. That Salem dates to at least two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins from the Roman Emperor Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (37–68 CE) found by Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. It was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan and kings Adhiyaman and Valvil Ori of Sangam age. It is part of Mazhanadu, a vast region that dates to the second century BCE. Salem was the largest district of Tamil Nadu. It was bifurcated into Salem and Dharmapuri districts in 1965 and Namakkal district in 1997. Now Salem has been developed a lot by building many bridges and is considered to be the Smart city. Salem is famous for cultivating mangoes.

Contents

Geography

Salem districts covers an area of 5245 sq. km. It is bounded by the districts of Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Erode, and Kallakurichi. The name Salem is thought to be derived from Sailam (hills) on account of being surrounded by hills. [2]

Politics

Source: [3] [4]
DistrictNo.ConstituencyNamePartyAllianceRemarks
Salem 81 Gangavalli (SC) A. Nallathambi All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
82 Attur (SC) A. P. Jayasankaran All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
83 Yercaud (ST) G. Chitra All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
84 Omalur R. Mani All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
85 Mettur S. Sathasivam Pattali Makkal Katchi NDA
86 Edappadi Edappadi K. Palaniswami All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None Leader of the Opposition
87 Sankari S. Sundararajan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
88 Salem (West) R. Arul Pattali Makkal Katchi NDA
89 Salem (North) R. Rajendran Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
90 Salem (South) E. Balasubramanian All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None
91 Veerapandi M. Rajamuthu All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam None

Geology

Administration

There are 4 revenue divisions, 13 taluks, 1 municipal corporation, 6 municipalities, 21 revenue blocks, and 32 town panchayats in Salem district. [5]

Revenue divisions

Taluks

Municipal corporations and municipalities

Revenue blocks

Town Panchayats

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901793,641—    
1911821,494+0.35%
1921886,630+0.77%
1931998,086+1.19%
19411,189,060+1.77%
19511,430,876+1.87%
19611,605,327+1.16%
19711,996,187+2.20%
19812,268,981+1.29%
19912,573,667+1.27%
20013,016,346+1.60%
20113,482,056+1.45%
source: [6]
Religions in Salem district (2011) [7]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
 
95.53%
Islam
 
2.74%
Christianity
 
1.55%
Other or not stated
 
0.18%

According to 2011 census, Salem district had a population of 3,482,056 with a sex-ratio of 954 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. [8] A total of 344,960 were under the age of six, constituting 180,002 males and 164,958 females. 50.95% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.67% and 3.43% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 72.86%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. [9] The district had a total of 915,967 households. There were a total of 1,694,160 workers, comprising 247,011 cultivators, 396,158 main agricultural labourers, 132,700 in household industries, 785,161 other workers, 133,130 marginal workers, 9,993 marginal cultivators, 58,052 marginal agricultural labourers, 8,803 marginal workers in household industries and 56,282 other marginal workers. [9]

Languages of Salem district (2011) [10]

   Tamil (88.48%)
   Telugu (6.08%)
   Kannada (2.48%)
   Urdu (1.58%)
  Others (1.38%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 88.48% of the population spoke Tamil, 6.08% Telugu, 2.48% Kannada and 1.58% Urdu as their first language. Other significant languages spoken here include Saurashtra. [10]

Education

Salem district is home to the Periyar University and the Vinayaka Mission University. The district has many educational institutions including Government Arts College (autonomous), Government Arts College for Women, Government College of Engineering (autonomous), Sona College of Technology (Autonomous), Thiagarajar Polytechnic College (Autonomous), Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Government Polytechnic College, Central Law College, Sarada Institutions, and Mohan Kumaramangalam College (Medical), Salem Film school, Salem. Schools include Sri Chaitanya Techno School, Holy Cross, Glazebrooke, Holy Angels', St. Johns, Cluny, Golden Gates, Emerald Valley, Senthil Public School, Vidya Mandir, Little Flower, CSI Higher Secondary School and St. Joseph Schools.

Law enforcement

Law and order is maintained by the Salem district Tamil Nadu Police, headed by a Superintendent of Police. Sh. Gautam Goyal, IPS is the current Superintendent of Police. Special units include prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a district-level special branch.

Salem district have central prison at Hastampatti. It's one of the oldest jail and can able to host 1431 in house prisoners.

Industries

The Salem handloom industry is one of the most ancient cottage industries and producing quality sari, dothi and angavasthram out of silk yarn and cotton yarn. In the recent past, home furnishing items are also woven, mainly for export purposes. More than 75,000 handlooms are working and the total value of cloth produced per annum is estimated at ₹ 500,000 million. With more than 125 spinning mills, with modern weaving units and garment units Salem established itself as one of the major textile center in Tamil Nadu. The history of handloom and spinning mills dates back to pre-independence period in Salem. But until 1960s there were fewer than 5 spinning mills. Private handloom weaving started thriving in the region along with the large scale cooperative sector handloom weaving and marketing units. Small scale hand dying units were started around the region to the industry. Around 1980s the textile industry grew significantly. Many major spinning mills and waste spinning units came up into existence. Many Handloom societies and dying houses were established. New and increased number of Power Loom units were mushroomed in the places like Gugai, Ammapet, Attayampatti, Mallasamudram, Vennanthur, Magudanchavadi, Rasipuram, Komarapalayam, Pallipalayam, Jalakandapuram and Elampillai. [11]

The Salem region also houses the Tamil Nadu largest number of Sago industries which are engaged in the production Sago Foods and Starch. In Salem District alone, 34000 hectares of land is under tapioca cultivation which is the raw material for the sago industries and there are 650 units engaged in tapioca processing. In and around Salem the yield of tapioca is about 25-30 T/ha, highest in the World. National average is 19 T/ha and World average production stands at 10 T/ha. [12] Hence it is called land of sago. In 1981, Salem Starch and Sago Manufacturers Service Industrial Co-operative Society Ltd (popularly called as SAGOSERVE) was established to promote the growth of sago industries. Nearly 80% of the national demand for Sago and Starch is being met by the Sagoserv. [13]

Salem Steel Plant, a special steel unit of Steel Authority of India Ltd have their plant located in Salem which produces Cold rolled stainless steel and Hot rolled stainless steel/carbon steel. The plant can produce Austenitic, ferritic, Martensite and low-nickel stainless steel in the form of coils and sheets with an installed capacity of 70,000 tonnes/year in Cold Rolling Mill and 1,86,000 tonnes/year in Hot Rolling Mill. In addition, the plant has country's first top-of-the-line stainless steel blanking facility with a capacity of 3,600 tonnes/year of coin blanks and utility blanks/circles. Expansion and modernisation of Salem Steel Plant is ongoing. The plan envisages installation of Steel Melting and Continuous Casting facilities to produce 1,80,000 tonnes of slabs along with expansion of Cold Rolling Mill complex, enhancing the capacity of Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Products from 65,000 TPA to 146,000 TPA and an additional Roll Grinding Machine for Hot Rolling Mill for increasing production to 3,64,000 TPA. The total project area is 1130 acres and cost of the project is ₹ 17,800 million. [14]

Southern Iron & Steel Company Ltd (joint venture with JSW Steel) the first integrated steel plant of India at a cost of ₹ 22,350 million, located near Salem for the production of TMT corrosion resistant bars/alloy steels. The Salem plant is the largest special steel plant in India aims to develop the Kanjamalai, Kavuthimalai and Vediappanmalai iron ore mines in Tamil Nadu on receipt of requisite approvals to improve raw material security. This will facilitate expansion of production capacity to 2 MTPA. It will also allow the unit to diversify into the production of value-added products such as annealed, drawn and peeled steel. The plant is continuously working to develop special grades for critical automotive applications. [15] [16]

The Madras Aluminium Company Ltd (MALCO) is part of Vedanta Resources Plc, a London Stock Exchange listed FTSE 100 diversified metals and mining major. MALCO has a state-of-the-art, coal-based Captive Power Plant at the same location which was commissioned in the year 1999. In the year 2004 MALCO augmented its smelter capacity from earlier 25,000 TPA to 40,000 TPA. It generates 100 MW power from 4 units of 25MW each through power plant located at Mettur, Tamil Nadu. Around 90% of the entire power generated is exported; the rest is used internally. Efficient plant operations enabled MALCO to achieve a higher plant load factor since existence.

The region around Salem is rich in mineral ores. Salem has one of the largest Magnesite, Bauxite and also Iron ore deposits in India. It has many magnesite factories operated by private and public sectors such as Burn Standard & Co, Dalmia Magnesites and Tata Refractories, SAIL refractories. [17] The Leigh Bazaar market in Salem is the biggest regional market for agro products. Narasus coffee one of the famous coffee in Tamil Nadu, Nandhi Dall Mills the oldest flour mill company, BSP refineries (Usha Refined Sunflower Oil) are other few companies have their presence in Salem.

Being one of the fastest growing tier II cities, the Tamil Nadu government and ELCOT are planning to establish an IT park in Salem covering about 160 acres (0.65 km2). [18] [19] SAIL is planning a Steel SEZ inside the Salem Steel plant covering about 250 acres (1.0 km2). [20] There is an exclusive Electrical and Electronics Industrial Estate in the Suramangalam area of Salem city. [21] Coimbatore-Erode-Salem stretch was well known for Industries and Textile processings and it is announced as Coimbatore-Salem Industrial Corridor and further development works are carried by SIPCOT Linking.

Places of interest

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salem, Tamil Nadu</span> City in Tamil Nadu, India

Salem, natively spelt as Selam, is a major city in Salem district, located on the banks of the Thirumanimutharu river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu surrounded by mountains. Salem is the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the state, exceeded by Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, and Third largest metropolitan region in the state only after to Chennai and Coimbatore metropolitan regions. The city is 124 km2 (48 sq mi) large. Major products of Salem include silver anklets, sago, mangoes, steel, and textiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omalur</span> Town Panchayat in Tamil Nadu, India

Omalur is a panchayat town and headquarters of Omalur taluk in the Salem District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated on the National Highway 7 between 11° 73333" latitude and 78° 06667" longitude. It has a population of about 13,600. Agriculture, leather and handloom textiles are the major businesses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mettur</span> Town in Tamil Nadu, India

Mettur is an industrial and tourist town located in the Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is best known for the Mettur Dam which is the largest dam in south India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Namakkal district</span> District in Tamil Nadu, India

Namakkal District is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was bifurcated from Salem District with Namakkal city as headquarters on 25 July 1996 and started to function independently from 1 January 1997. The district has eight taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Paramathi Velur, Senthamangalam, Kumarapalayam, Kolli Hills and Mohanur. It has two revenue divisions: Tiruchengode and Namakkal. As of 2011 census, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males and Tiruchengode is the largest city in terms of population. Namakkal district is geographically affiliated to Kongu Nadu region. The district is famous for its large poultry industry, egg production and lorry bodybuilding industry, for which it is often referred to as "Egg City" and "Transport Hub of South India".

Vasishta Nadi, named after the Hindu sage Vasishtha, originates from Salem district, flows through Kurchi, Belur, Yethapur, Pethanaickenpalayam, Attur, Kattukottai, Manivizhundhan North between South, Deviyakurichi, Pattuthurai, Thalaivasal, Aragalur, Sitheri and Cuddalore district. This river flows in Cuddalore and joins Sweata Nadi before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Dams on the river are located at Attur and Periyeri. Check dams are constructed at Attur, Thalivasal and Periyeri/Aragalur.

Rasipuram is a Municipality in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and suburb of city of Salem located in Namakkal District. It is the headquarters for the Rasipuram taluk. As of 2015, the town had a population of 88,584 and an area of 24 km2 (9.3 sq mi). It has 27 wards and steps have been taken to increase the wards to 33. Rasipuram is known for ghee and tapioca sago.

Mecheri is a town in Mettur taluk, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pethanaickenpalayam</span> Town in Tamil Nadu, India

Pethanaickenpalayam is a town panchayat and headquarters of Pethanaickenpalayam taluk, in Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sangagiri</span> Town in Tamil Nadu, India

Sangagiri is a panchayat town in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated on the National Highway 544, on the Coimbatore - Salem section.

Vanavasi is a Town Panchayat in Mettur Taluka, Salem District, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Thalaivasal is a town and Taluk in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is located 18 km away from the Sub-district headquarter Attur and 70 km away from the Salem District Headquarter. It is one of the Taluks of the Salem District

Attur Taluk is one of the taluks, or administrative division of Salem District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The division's headquarters is Attur town.

Naduvalur is a village in the tehsil (taluk) of Gangavalli, which is located in the Salem district of the state of Tamil Nadu. The village is located in the central part of the southernmost state of India. Naduvalur is the largest village in the tehsil, and has the largest delegation to the Gangavalli Tehsil Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gangavalli Assembly constituency</span> State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu

Gangavalli is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, India, that was formed after constituency delimitations in 2007. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 81. Located in Salem district, it comprises Gangavalli taluk and a portion of Attur taluk. It is a part of the Kallakurichi constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. The seat is reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

The Sarabanga River is a river flowing in the Salem district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The origin of the river is traditionally placed at the Servarayan hills in Tamil Nadu. The river fulfills demands for agricultural irrigation in Danishpet village. The Sarabanga flows through the towns of Danishpet, Omalur, Thoppur, Tharamangalam, Dhadhapuram, Idappadi, Chettipatti, Peramachipalayam, and Thevur, and joins the Kaveri River near Annamar Kovil before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Dams on the river are located at Peramachipalayam.

Amarakunthi is a village in the Taramangalam Taluk in Salem District of Tamil Nadu, India.

RamanaickenPalayam is a village panchayat in the Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

The economy of Salem, Tamil Nadu is mostly influenced by Information Technology, Steel, Textile industry, Agriculture and more other fields. Salem is mostly known as Steel city and Mangoes city of India. The gross domestic product (GDP) of Salem city is 12,134.10 GDP and (YOY) is 10.31. It is the third-largest district economy in Tamil Nadu while GDP growth in Chennai GDP 20,847.32 (1), Coimbatore GDP 23,371.63 (2), Madurai GDP 10,401.02 (5), Tiruchirappalli GDP 10,493.93 (4). Salem has one Special Economic zone over 40 in Tamil Nadu, ELCOT has established an IT Special Economic Zone at Jagirammapalayam village, Salem, in an extent of 53.33 acres of land at an investment of Rs. 40.53 crore. Salem district also have local planning authority called Salem Local Planning Authority for development of Salem City Corporation area and Salem Metropolitan Area. And also for suburbs in Salem district.

Local government in Salem comprises three tiers of administration in the west district of Tamil Nadu, below the central government of India. Salem district was the first district created in India.

References

  1. ↑ "New District Collector hears grievances of public". The Hindu. 1 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  2. ↑ Arokiaswami M. (1956). The Kongu Country. University of Madras. p. 15.
  3. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  4. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  5. ↑ "Salem district map". Government of Tamil Nadu. 15 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  6. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  7. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  8. ↑ "District Census Handbook 2011 - Salem" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. 1 2 "District Census Handbook 2011 - Viluppuram" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  10. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  11. ↑ "Salem IIHT". The Hindu . 18 December 2010. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014.
  12. ↑ "Sagoserve". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  13. ↑ "Sagoserve".
  14. ↑ "Special_Salem". Archived from the original on 2 September 2013.
  15. ↑ "JSW Companies :Salem Works". Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.
  16. ↑ "JSW Steels Ltd :TIDCO".
  17. ↑ "Dept.Geology and mining, TN".
  18. ↑ "Tamilnadu Elcot Website". Elcot. Retrieved 26 September 2008.
  19. ↑ "Site for IT Park ideally situated". The Hindu . Chennai, India. 1 September 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2006.
  20. ↑ "Site for IT Park ideally situated" . Retrieved 26 September 2008.
  21. ↑ "Electrical and electronics industries". Government of Tamil Nadu.
  22. ↑ "SALEM DISTRICT PROFILE 2017". Salem District. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
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