Secular Progressive Alliance

Not to be confused with Secular Proggresive Front (2002-2012), Secular Progressive Front, Secular Democratic Alliance, or Secular Democratic Forces.

Secular Progressive Alliance
மதச்சார்பற்ற முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி
Abbreviation	SPA
Chairman	M. K. Stalin (Tamil Nadu) R. Siva (Puducherry)
Founder	M. Karunanidhi
Founded	20 January 2004
Preceded by	DMK-led Alliance
Ideology	Big tent Factions: Social democracy [1] Secularism [2] Communism [3] Marxism [4]
Political position	Centre-left to left-wing
ECI Status	Not Required
Alliance	Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (National)
Seats in  Lok Sabha	40 / 40
Seats in  Rajya Sabha	12 / 19
Seats in  State Legislative Assemblies	159 / 234 (Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) 9 / 33 (Puducherry Legislative Assembly)
Number of states and union territories in government	1 / 31
Politics of India Political parties Elections

Secular Progressive Alliance, formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).

History

The alliance was known as the Democratic Progressive Alliance 2004–2009 ^[5] and 2014–2016. It became the Secular Progressive Alliance in 2019.

Indian general elections

Tamil Nadu

Lok Sabha Elections in Tamil Nadu

Duration	Election Year	Allied parties	Seats won
United Progressive Alliance
2004	2004	DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, MDMK, CPI(M), CPI, CJP	39 / 39
United Progressive Alliance
2004-2013	2009	DMK, INC, VCK, IUML	27 / 39
Democratic Progressive Alliance
2013-2016	2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu [6]	DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT	0 / 39
United Progressive Alliance
2016-2023	2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu	DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, IJK	38 / 39
Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
2023-Present	2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu	DMK, INC ,VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, MNM	39 / 39

Puducherry

Lok Sabha Elections in Puducherry

Duration	Election Year	Allied parties	Contested by	Result
United Progressive Alliance
2004-2013	2009 Indian general election	DMK, INC, VCK, IUML	INC	Won
DMK-VCK Alliance
2013-2016	2014 Indian general election [7]	DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT	DMK	Lost
United Progressive Alliance
2016-2023	2019 Indian general election	DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI	INC	Won
Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
2023-Present	2024 Indian general election	DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MNM	INC	Won

State legislative assembly elections

Tamil Nadu

State Legislative Assembly Elections in Tamil Nadu

Duration	Election Year	Allied parties	Seats won
Democratic Progressive Alliance
ஜனநாயக முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி
2004-2006	2006	DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu)	163 / 234
2006-2011	2011	DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, VCK, KMK, MMK, PMK	31 / 234
2011-2016	2016	DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, MMK, PT, PMK, TPWP, SSP	98 / 234
Secular Progressive Alliance
2017-2021	2021	DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, PMK, KMDK, AIFB, MVK, ATP	159 / 234
2025-present	2026	DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, KMDK

Puducherry

State Legislative Assembly Elections in Puducherry

Duration	Election Year	Allied parties	Seats won
United Progressive Alliance
2004-2021	2006	DMK, INC, PMK, CPI	20 / 30
	2011	DMK, INC, PMK, VCK	9 / 30
	2016	INC, DMK	18 / 30
	2021	INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, Independent	9 / 30

Current members

#	Party		Abbr.	Flag	Symbol	Leader
1		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	DMK			M. K. Stalin
2		Indian National Congress	INC			K. Selvaperunthagai
3		Communist Party of India (Marxist)	CPI(M)			P. Shanmugham
4		Communist Party of India	CPI			R. Mutharasan
5		Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi	VCK			Thol. Thirumavalavan
6		Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	MDMK			Vaiko
7		Makkal Needhi Maiam	MNM			Kamal Haasan
8		Indian Union Muslim League	IUML			K. M. Kader Mohideen
9		Manithaneya Makkal Katchi	MNMK			M. H. Jawahirullah
10		Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi	KMDK			E. R. Eswaran
11		Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi	TVMK			T. Velmurugan
12		Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam	MMK			G. M. Sreedhar Vandaiyar
13		Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party	TNPWP			Pon. Kumar
14		Adhi Tamilar Peravai	ATP			R. Adhiyaman
15		Mukkulathor Pulipadai	MKLP			Karunas
16		Manithaneya Jananayaka Katchi	MJK			Thamimun Ansari
16		Makkal Viduthalai Katchi	MVK			K. Murugavelrajan
17		Samathuva Makkal Kazhagam	SMK			Ernavoor Narayanan

Strength in Legislative Assembly

Tamil Nadu

Main article: 16th Tamil Nadu Assembly

Party		Abbr.	Ideology	Seats
	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	DMK	Dravidianism	125 / 234
	Indian National Congress	INC	Social liberalism	17 / 234
	Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi	VCK	Anti-casteism and Anti-classism	4 / 234
	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	CPIM	Marxism-Leninism	2 / 234
	Communist Party of India	CPI	Marxism–Leninism	2 / 234
	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	MDMK	Dravidianism	4 / 234 [a]
	Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi	KMDK	Indigenism	1 / 234 [b]
	Manithaneya Makkal Katchi	MMK	Social democracy	2 / 234 [c]
	Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi	TVK	Populism	1 / 234 [d]

Puducherry

Main article: 15th Puducherry Assembly

Party		Abbr.	Ideology	Seats
	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	DMK	Dravidianism	6 / 30
	Indian National Congress	INC	Social liberalism	2 / 30
	Independents	IND	Independent	4 / 30

Withdrawals

Political Party		State	Date	Reason for Withdrawal
	Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	2009	Allied with BSP
	Puratchi Bharatham Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2011	Allied with AIADMK
	Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2014	Allied with NDA
	Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	2019	Allied with AIADMK
	Puthiya Tamilagam	Tamil Nadu	2019	Allied with ADMK
	Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2019	Allied with AIADMK
	Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2021	Allied with AIADMK
	Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2021	Allied with NDA

The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.

The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences over seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.

The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK which offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

Governments & Legislative leaders

• Fifth Karunanidhi ministry (2006 - 2011)
• Narayanasamy ministry (2016 - 2021)
• M. K. Stalin ministry (2021- incumbent)

See also

• DMK-led Alliance
• AIADMK-led Alliance

Notes

1. But considered as DMK MLA
2. But considered as DMK MLA
3. But considered as DMK MLA
4. But considered as DMK MLA

References

1. "Dravida Munnetra Kazgham (DMK)". Business Standard India. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
2. Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN   978-1-107-18943-0.
3. Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN   978-0-199-97489-4.
4. "Party constitution". India: All India Forward Bloc. 2017. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
5. "DMK launches Democratic Progressive Alliance". TimesofIndia. 20 January 2004. Retrieved 20 January 2004.
6. "DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front'". The Economic Times. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
7. "DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front'". The Economic Times. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.