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John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was an English writer and philologist. He was the author of the high fantasy works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
The Inklings were an informal literary discussion group associated with J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis at the University of Oxford for nearly two decades between the early 1930s and late 1949. The Inklings were literary enthusiasts who praised the value of narrative in fiction and encouraged the writing of fantasy. The best-known, apart from Tolkien and Lewis, were Charles Williams, and Owen Barfield.
Dame Helen Louise Gardner, was an English literary critic and academic. Gardner began her teaching career at the University of Birmingham, and from 1966 to 1975 was a Merton Professor of English Literature, the first woman to have that position. She was best known for her work on the poets John Donne and T. S. Eliot, but also published on John Milton and William Shakespeare. She published over a dozen books, and received multiple honours.
Thomas Alan Shippey is a British medievalist, a retired scholar of Middle and Old English literature as well as of modern fantasy and science fiction. He is considered one of the world's leading academic experts on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien about whom he has written several books and many scholarly papers. His book The Road to Middle-Earth has been called "the single best thing written on Tolkien".
J. R. R. Tolkien's The Fall of Gondolin is a 2018 book of fantasy fiction by J. R. R. Tolkien, edited by his son Christopher. The story is one of what Tolkien called the three "Great Tales" from the First Age of Middle-earth; the other two are Beren and Lúthien and The Children of Húrin. All three stories are briefly summarised in the 1977 book The Silmarillion, and all three have now been published as stand-alone books. A version of the story also appears in The Book of Lost Tales. In the narrative, Gondolin was founded by King Turgon in the First Age. The city was carefully hidden, enduring for centuries before being betrayed and destroyed. Written in 1917, it is one of the first stories of Tolkien's legendarium.
Mythopoeia, or mythopoesis, is a subgenre of speculative fiction, and a theme in modern literature and film, where an artificial or fictionalized mythology is created by the writer of prose, poetry, or other literary forms. The concept, which long preexisted him, was widely popularised by J. R. R. Tolkien in the 1930s. The authors in this genre integrate traditional mythological themes and archetypes into fiction. Mythopoeia is also the act of creating a mythology.
The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of his fantasy writings. These encompass The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, along with his legendarium that remained unpublished until after his death, and his constructed languages, especially the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin. Scholars from different disciplines have examined the linguistic and literary origins of Middle-earth, and have explored many aspects of his writings from Christianity to feminism and race.
The Tolkien family is an English family of German descent whose best-known member is J. R. R. Tolkien, Oxford academic and author of the fantasy books The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion.
"Mythopoeia" is a poem by J.R.R. Tolkien. The word mythopoeia means myth-making, and has been used in English since at least 1846.
J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, written by Humphrey Carpenter, was first published in 1977. It is called the "authorized biography" of J. R. R. Tolkien, creator of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. It was first published in London by George Allen & Unwin, then in the United States by Houghton Mifflin Company. It has been reprinted many times since.
Holywell Street is a street in central Oxford, England. It runs east–west with Broad Street to the west and Longwall Street to the east. About halfway along, Mansfield Road adjoins to the north.
Paul Harold Kocher was an American scholar, writer, and professor of English. He wrote extensively on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien as well as on Elizabethan English drama, philosophy, religion, and medicine. His numerous publications include studies of Christopher Marlowe and Francis Bacon. He also authored books on the Franciscan missions of 18th- and 19th-century California.
Raymond Wilson Chambers was a British literary scholar, author, librarian and academic; throughout his career he was associated with University College London (UCL).
George Stuart Gordon was a British literary scholar.
Jack Arthur Walter Bennett was a New Zealand–born literary scholar.
J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy books on Middle-earth, especially The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, drew on a wide array of influences including language, Christianity, mythology, archaeology, ancient and modern literature, and personal experience. He was inspired primarily by his profession, philology; his work centred on the study of Old English literature, especially Beowulf, and he acknowledged its importance to his writings.
Middle-earth is the setting of much of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy. The term is equivalent to the Miðgarðr of Norse mythology and Middangeard in Old English works, including Beowulf. Middle-earth is the oecumene in Tolkien's imagined mythological past. Tolkien's most widely read works, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, are set entirely in Middle-earth. "Middle-earth" has also become a short-hand term for Tolkien's legendarium, his large body of fantasy writings, and for the entirety of his fictional world.
Kenneth Sisam was a New Zealand academic and publisher, whose major career was as an employee of the Oxford University Press.
The roles of women in The Lord of the Rings have often been assessed as insignificant, or important only in relation to male characters in a story about men for boys. Meanwhile, other commentators have noted the empowerment of the three major women characters, Galadriel, Éowyn, and Arwen, and provided in-depth analysis of their roles within the narrative of The Lord of the Rings.
John Garth is a British journalist and author, known especially for writings about J. R. R. Tolkien including his biography Tolkien and the Great War and a book on the places that inspired Middle-earth, The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien. He won a 2004 Mythopoeic Award for Scholarship for his work on Tolkien. The biography influenced much Tolkien scholarship in the subsequent decades.
References
- ↑ MacMahon, M K C (2004). "Napier, Arthur Sampson (1853–1916)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/94131 . Retrieved 7 January 2015.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Oxford University Calendar. J.H. Parker, and H. Slatter. 1920. p. 65. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ Orton, Harold (2004). "Wyld, Henry Cecil Kennedy (1870–1945)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37047 . Retrieved 7 January 2015.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Drout, Michael D C, ed. (27 November 2006). J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. p. 466. ISBN 0415969425.
- ↑ Carpenter, Humphrey (28 June 2000). J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 240. ISBN 9780618057023.
- ↑ Erskine-Hill, Howard; Lindsay, Alexander (2 October 2012). William Congreve: The Critical Heritage. Routledge. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-134-78263-5 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ Lewis, C. S. (13 November 1992). All My Road Before Me: The Diary of C. S. Lewis, 1922-1927. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 464. ISBN 0-547-74690-3 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ Trevor-Roper, Hugh (30 May 2015). The Wartime Journals. I.B. Tauris. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-78453-193-5 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ Lewis, C. S. (13 November 1992). All My Road Before Me: The Diary of C. S. Lewis, 1922–1927. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 473. ISBN 0-547-74690-3 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ Bloom, Harold (1 January 2009). Geoffrey Chaucer. Infobase Publishing. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4381-1568-9 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ Louis, Wm. Roger (November 2013). History of Oxford University Press: Volume III: 1896 to 1970. OUP Oxford. p. 801. ISBN 978-0-19-956840-6 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ "Professor John Carey | the Man Booker Prizes". Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ↑ "Appointments: Humanities". Oxford University Gazette. The University Of Oxford. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ↑ "Appointments". Times Higher Education. TES Global. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.