Michael F. Scholz (born 13 September 1958 in Berlin) is a German university professor in modern and contemporary history, currently (2015) based in Sweden. [1] [2]
One of his research interests involves the insights available from comics and comic strips, especially in the field of propaganda, into popular culture and political history. [3]
Michael F.Scholz was born in East Berlin, slightly less than ten years after the Soviet occupation zone had given way to the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in which he grew up and made his way until 1989/90. He studied History and Political sciences at the University of Greifswald, focusing especially on the culture and politics of northern Europe. He received his doctorate shortly before his 32nd birthday for a dissertation on the "Rostock Baltic Sea Festival Week in East German foreign Policy (1958-1975)" ("Rostocker Ostseewochen in der Aussenpolitik der DDR"). [4]
Between 1986 and 1998 he was employed as a graduate research assistant at Greifswald. During this period Scholz came to public attention in connection with researches undertaken on the wartime career, as a German communist politician exiled in Sweden, of Herbert Wehner, known to a younger generation of West Germans as a high-profile senior SPD politician from the Willy Brandt era. According to the view of the matter presented by Der Spiegel, Stolz's researches disclosed that Wehner's break with Soviet sponsored communism had been a far more convoluted process than Wehner himself had publicly disclosed. [5] [6] Despite his Communist past, when Wehner arrived in Sweden he was suspected of being a Gestapo agent, as a result of which he faced arrest and robust interrogation by the Swedes. Scholz nevertheless felt able to exonerate Wehner of the persistent charge that under interrogation he had implicated fellow communists, insisting that he only every told his Swedish interrogators what they already knew. [7]
Further academic advancement arrived in 1999 when Scholz received his habilitation from Greifswald for work dealing more generally with Communist exiles from Nazi Germany who had escaped to Sweden, and the way their experiences there had remained influential after they became "returnees" in what became East Germany.("Skandinavische Erfahrungen erwünscht? Nachexil und Remigration. Die ehemaligen KPD-Emigranten in Skandinavien und ihr weiteres Schicksal in der SBZ/DDR"). [8] After this he briefly became a freelance lecturer on modern history. Shortly afterwards he relocated to Sweden, from November 2000 teaching at the island Gotland Academy (subsequently integrated to Uppsala University as "Campus Gotland"). In 2008 he was appointed to a professorship in Modern History at Gottland, where he has also been employed, since 2011, as a faculty co-ordinator. [1]
Scholz has published a number of pieces on the political and cultural history of East Germany, on the relations between the two Germanys before 1990, and on Scandinavian history. He has contributed the section on East Germany to updated editions of the (24 volume, venerable but periodically updated) "Gebhardt" Manual of German History.
One of several publications reflecting his long-standing interest in comics and comic strips as sources for political and cultural historians was "Schuldig ist schließlich jeder…, Comics in der DDR – Die Geschichte eines ungeliebten Mediums von 1945/49–1990" ("In the end, everyone is to blame..., Comics in East Germany – The history of an unloved medium 1945 /49 – 1990"), produced jointly with others including, primarily, Gerd Lettkemann. [9]
Herbert Richard Wehner was a German politician. A former member of the Communist Party, he joined the Social Democrats (SPD) after World War II. He served as Federal Minister of Intra-German Relations from 1966 to 1969 and thereafter as chairman of the SPD parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 1983.
Republikflucht was the colloquial term in the German Democratic Republic for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries; the official term was Ungesetzlicher Grenzübertritt. Republikflucht applied to both the 3.5 million Germans who migrated legally from the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961, and the thousands who migrated illegally across the Iron Curtain until 23 December 1989. It has been estimated that 30,000 people left the GDR per year between 1984 and 1988, and up to 300,000 per year before the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
The Roter Frontkämpferbund, usually called Rotfrontkämpferbund (RFB), was a far-left paramilitary organization affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during the Weimar Republic. It was officially a non-partisan and legally registered association. The organisation was banned by the governing Social Democrats in 1929.
Anton Plenikowski was a German communist politician of the Free City of Danzig and East Germany.
The Wittorf affair was an embezzlement scandal in Germany in 1928. John Wittorf, an official of the Communist Party (KPD), was a close friend and protégé of party chairman Ernst Thälmann. Thälmann tried to cover up the embezzlement, for which he was ousted from the central committee. Joseph Stalin intervened and had Thälmann reinstated, signaling the beginning of a purge and completing the Stalinization of the KPD.
Wolfgang Steinitz was a German linguist and folklorist. Through his rediscovery of hidden social commentary in traditional folk songs, he was an important pioneer of the German folk-revival in both East and West Germany. He researched the language and culture of the Ugric peoples of West Siberia, including the songs that form an important part of the tradition of this endangered ethnic group. Steinitz also left extensive work in other areas of linguistic studies.
Kurt Vieweg was one of the leading agricultural politicians in the early years of the GDR. He was at various times Secretary General of the VdgB, deputy in the parliament and a member of the Central Committee of the SED.
Helmut Müller-Enbergs is a German political scientist who has written extensively on the Stasi and related aspects of the German Democratic Republic's history.
Werner Scheler was a German physician and pharmacologist.
Gerhard Scholz was a German university professor and writer. The focus of his work was on Philology, German language and culture and Literary history.
Maria Eckertz was a German activist and politician (KPD). She took part in anti-Nazi resistance and narrowly avoided ending her days in Ravensbrück concentration camp.
Hanna Sandtner was a German politician (KPD). She served as a member of the national parliament ("Reichstag") between 1931 and 1932.
Hilde Eisler was a political activist and journalist. In 1956 she took over as editor in chief of Das Magazin, a lifestyle and fashion magazine in the German Democratic Republic, noteworthy according to Eisler herself when interviewed in 1988 as the first and for some years the only magazine in East Germany to feature nude pictures.
Paul Jahnke was a German leftwing political activist who became a resistance activist against the Nazis.
Otto Niebergall was a German politician (KPD). During the twelve Nazi years, most of which he spent abroad, he was a resistance activist.
Rudi Wetzel was a German political activist who became an East German journalist and newspaper editor after the Second World War.
Heinz Rauch was a German activist and politician who fought against the fascists in the Spanish Civil War.
Helene Overlach was a German Communist party official and politician. Unusually for a woman at that time, between 1928 and 1933 she served as a member of the German parliament ("Reichstag") in Berlin, representing Electoral District 22. During the Hitler years her relatively high political profile before 1933 earned her the close attention of the security services. She survived, despite spending much of the time during those twelve years in prisons and concentration camps: her health was badly affected.
The Wochenpost was an East German weekly. It was founded in 1953, and circulation peaked at over one million copies per issue from 1971 to the German reunification. The academic Deirdre Byrnes writes that the paper was "one of the most influential" publications in East Germany. Its highest circulation was around 1.2 million copies, making the paper the most popular weekly in East Germany. It was considered a paper for intellectuals. The paper continued to be published after German reunification until it ceased publication in late December 1996.
Erhard (Eberhard) Ragwitz is a German musicologist, composer, and lecturer. From 1986 to 1989, he was the rector of the Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler".
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