Michael Lujan Bevacqua (born Miget Lujan Bevacqua) [1] is a Chamorro scholar, activist, author, producer and editor. He currently lives in Mangilao, Guam and works at the Guam Museum as a curator. [2] Bevacqua founded the first ever Chamorro Studies Program at the University of Guam in 2011, where he worked as a professor teaching the history of Guam and the Chamorro language for 10 years. [3]
Bevacqua was born to Rita Flores Lujan Butler and Robert Francis Bevacqua, and is the grandson of Elizabeth De Leon Flores Lujan, of the Kabesa clan, and blacksmith Joaquin Flores Lujan, of the Bittot clan. [2] [4] He has a brother named Jack. [3] While his grandparents spoke CHamoru, his mother did not, so Bevacqua took up CHamoru language classes during his attendance at the University of Guam. [1]
Bevacqua graduated from the University of Guam with a Bachelor of Arts in Art and Literature in 2001, and a Master of Arts in Micronesian Studies in 2004. [2] He then attended the University of California, San Diego, graduating with a Master of Arts in Ethnic Studies in 2007, and completing his PhD in 2010. [2] His research focuses on the impact of colonization on the Chamorro people and the importance of the nation gaining independence.
Bevacqua taught Guam history and the CHamoru language at the University of Guam for 10 years.
Bevacqua is a co-chair for the local organisation Independent Guåhan, which aims to educate Guamanians on de-colonisation and independence. [3] He is a board member of the San Diego Chamorro Cultural Center, through which he stood before the Fourth Committee of the United Nations to attest on Guam's political and colonial status in 2007. [2] From 2003 to 2004, Bevacqua was a consultant for the Chamorro non-profit organisation Guam Communications Network. [2]
Bevacqua has helped to organize several academic and activist events, including the 2003 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in Guam and California, and the conferences "Famoksaiyan: Decolonizing Chamorro Histories, Identities and Futures" (2006), "Famoksaiyan: Our Time to Paddle Forward" (2007), and "Ghosts, Monsters and the Dead" (2007). [2]
Bevacqua is a member of multiple academic and activist groups, including The Association of Asian American Studies, The Chamorro Information Activists, Nasion Chamoru, The National Association of Ethnic Studies, The National Pacific Islander Education Network, and Famoksaiyan. [2]
Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, and the most populous village is Dededo. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States, reckoned from the geographic center of the U.S.. In Oceania, Guam is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia.
The history of Guam starts with the early arrival around 2000 BC of Austronesian people ent American rule of the island began with the 1898 Spanish–American War. Guam's history of colonialism is the longest among the Pacific islands.
Stand Ye Guamanians, officially known as the Guam Hymn, is the regional anthem of Guam. The original English lyrics and music were written and composed in 1919 by Ramon Manilisay Sablan. The lyrics were slightly modified by the U.S. government prior to official adoption in 1952. In 1974, Lagrimas Untalan translated the English lyrics into CHamoru, which were made official in 1989. The CHamoru version is more widely used today.
Hagåtña is the capital village of the United States territory of Guam. From the 18th through mid-20th century, it was Guam's population center, but today it is the second smallest of the island's 19 villages in both area and population. However, it remains one of the island's major commercial districts in addition to being the seat of government.
Chamorro is an Austronesian language spoken by about 58,000 people, numbering about 25,800 on Guam and about 32,200 in the Northern Mariana Islands and elsewhere. It is the native and spoken language of the Chamorro people, the indigenous people of the Mariana Islands. Chamorro has three distinct dialects: Guamanian, Rotanese, and that in the other Northern Mariana Islands (NMI).
The Chamorro people are the Indigenous people of the Mariana Islands, politically divided between the United States territory of Guam and the encompassing Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Micronesia. Today, significant Chamorro populations also exist in several U.S. states, including Hawaii, California, Washington, Texas, Tennessee, Oregon, and Nevada, all of which together are designated as Pacific Islander Americans according to the U.S. Census. According to the 2000 Census, about 64,590 people of Chamorro ancestry live in Guam and another 19,000 live in the Northern Marianas.
The music of Guam encompasses a broad range of traditional and contemporary music. Modern music from Guam includes elements of American, Spanish, Filipino and Polynesian music. The Spanish and Mexicans contributed a type of song called serenatas to the culture of Guam. Some traditional Catholic songs in the Spanish language, including "Mil Albricias", "Pastores a Belen", "Santa Maria de la Merced" or "En Lecho de Pajas" and some traditional love songs including "A mi morena", "Ay que triste desventura", "Cancion de Antonio Acosta" or "Te quiero amar" are preserved. Flora Baza Quan is known as the "Queen of Chamorro Music". The state song of Guam is "Stand Ye Guamanians" by Ramon Sablan, adopted in 1919, but better known as the 1974 Chamoru translation by Lagrimas Untalan, "Fanohge Chamoru."
Matå'pang was a Chamorro maga'låhi or chief of the ancient Chamorro village of Tomhom on the island of Guahan. His name meant "to be made pure by cleansing" in Chamorro.
Angel Anthony Leon Guerrero Santos III, also known as Angel L.G. Santos, or Anghet, was a Chamorro rights activist and Guamanian politician. Santos served as a Senator in the Guam Legislature from 1995 to 1999 and again from 2001 to 2003, and was a candidate for Governor of Guam in 1998 with his running mate Jose “Pedo” Toves Terjale, a future Mayor of Yona.
The culture of Guam reflects traditional Chamorro customs in a combination of indigenous pre-Hispanic forms, as well as American, Spanish and Mexican traditions. Post-European-contact CHamoru Guamanian culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions. Few indigenous pre-Hispanic customs remained following Spanish contact, but include plaiting and pottery, and there has been a resurgence of interest among the CHamoru to preserve the language and culture. Hispanic influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games, songs and fashion.
Craig Santos Perez is a poet, essayist, university professor, American publisher (USA) from the Chamorro people, born in Mongmong-Toto-Maite, Guam Island. His poetry has received multiple awards, including a 2015 American Book Award and the 2011 PEN Center USA Literary Award for Poetry.
Latte Stone Park, officially Senator Angel Leon Guerrero Santos Latte Stone Memorial Park, is an urban park in Hagåtña, Guam. Established in the 1950s and operated by the Guam Department of Parks and Recreation, it is best known for its set of eight historical latte stones, which were transferred from their original site in Fena. The Park is located along the cliffline below the Governor's residence in Agana Heights and south of the Plaza de España. It is often visited by sightseers visiting central Hagåtña. The park also includes the entrances to two sets of caves that were constructed during the Japanese occupation (1941–1944) by forced laborers and that were listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as the Agana/Hagåtña Cliffline Fortifications.
Laura Maud Thompson was an American social anthropologist best known for her studies of CHamoru culture in Guam. She studied many cultures around the world, including many Native American nations, with the self-professed aim of "trying to build an integrated theory of human group behavior that was grounded in actual behavior and relied on rigorous methods of verification to ensure reliability." She was the recipient of the 1979 Bronislaw Malinowski Award from the Society for Applied Anthropology.
Agualin, sometimes Aguarin or Diego de Aguarin, was a CHamoru chief who led a siege of Hagåtña (1676–1677) on Guam during the Spanish-Chamorro Wars. This was the second of three unsuccessful sieges of the Spanish presidio carried out by CHamorus seeking to eject the colonial presence, with the final widespread violence on Guam in 1683. While Spanish colonial history vilified Agualin as being anti-Christian and anti-civilization, a modern reevaluation reframes Agualin as a champion of CHamoru nationalism.
An epidemic of smallpox in 1856 on the west Pacific island of Guam, then under the control of Spain, resulted in the death of over half of the population, or about 4,500 people. The population collapse led Spanish authorities to transfer the population of Pago to Hagåtña, ending a settlement dating back before colonization. It also led the Governor of the Spanish Mariana Islands to encourage immigration to Guam.
Sabina Eileen Flores Perez is a Guamanian educator and politician. Perez serves as a Democratic senator in the Guam Legislature.
Hope Alvarez Cristobal is a Guamanian educator, activist, politician, farmer, and museum director. Cristobal is a former Democratic senator in the Guam Legislature. Cristobal is known for advocating for indigenous rights of the Chamorro people.
Katherine B. Aguon is a Guamanian educator and politician. Aguon is a former Republican senator in the Guam Legislature.
Famalao’an Guåhan: Women In Guam History is a 2019 publication highlighting the lives of 28 notable women who contributed to Guam's culture. The book was the second printed publication from Guampedia, a non-profit associated with the University of Guam.
Agueda Johnston was a Chamorro educator, known as the "Mother of Guam's Education".