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The University of Iowa is a public research university in Iowa City, Iowa. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and the second-largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized into 12 colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees.
The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a halocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is a clear, colourless non-flammable liquid with a chloroform-like sweet smell. It should not be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which is commonly known as chlorothene.
Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants. Cases where bioremediation is commonly seen is oil spills, soils contaminated with acidic mining drainage, underground pipe leaks, and crime scene cleanups. These toxic compounds are metabolized by enzymes present in microorganisms. Most bioremediation processes involve oxidation-reduction reactions where either an electron acceptor is added to stimulate oxidation of a reduced pollutant or an electron donor is added to reduce oxidized pollutants. Bioremediation is used to reduce the impact of byproducts created from anthropogenic activities, such as industrialization and agricultural processes. In many cases, bioremediation is less expensive and more sustainable than other remediation alternatives. Other remediation techniques include, thermal desorption, vitrification, air stripping, bioleaching, rhizofiltration, and soil washing. Biological treatment, bioremediation, is a similar approach used to treat wastes including wastewater, industrial waste and solid waste. The end goal of bioremediation is to remove or reduce harmful compounds to improve soil and water quality.
Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with ferrous iron (typically iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4) as a catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters. Fenton's reagent can be used to destroy organic compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE). It was developed in the 1890s by Henry John Horstman Fenton as an analytical reagent.
Cometabolism is defined as the simultaneous degradation of two compounds, in which the degradation of the second compound depends on the presence of the first compound. This is in contrast to simultaneous catabolism, where each substrate is catabolized concomitantly by different enzymes. Cometabolism occurs when an enzyme produced by an organism to catalyze the degradation of its growth-substrate to derive energy and carbon from it is also capable of degrading additional compounds. The fortuitous degradation of these additional compounds does not support the growth of the bacteria, and some of these compounds can even be toxic in certain concentrations to the bacteria.
Halorespiration or dehalorespiration or organohalide respiration is the use of halogenated compounds as terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. Halorespiration can play a part in microbial biodegradation. The most common substrates are chlorinated aliphatics, chlorinated phenols and chloroform. Dehalorespiring bacteria are highly diverse. This trait is found in some proteobacteria, chloroflexi, low G+C gram positive Clostridia. and ultramicrobacteria.
A permeable reactive barrier (PRB), also referred to as a permeable reactive treatment zone (PRTZ), is a developing technology that has been recognized as being a cost-effective technology for in situ groundwater remediation. PRBs are barriers which allow some—but not all—materials to pass through. One definition for PRBs is an in situ treatment zone that passively captures a plume of contaminants and removes or breaks down the contaminants, releasing uncontaminated water. The primary removal methods include: (1) sorption and precipitation, (2) chemical reaction, and (3) reactions involving biological mechanisms.
In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) is a new type of environmental remediation technique used for soil and/or groundwater remediation to reduce the concentrations of targeted environmental contaminants to acceptable levels. It is the mirror process of In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO). ISCR is usually applied in the environment by injecting chemically reductive additives in liquid form into the contaminated area or placing a solid medium of chemical reductants in the path of a contaminant plume. It can be used to remediate a variety of organic compounds, including some that are resistant to natural degradation.
Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is jargon that describes forms of iron metal used for Groundwater remediation. ZVI serves as a reducing agent.
Daniel Barton Oerther is an American Professor. He is best known for leadership bridging engineering and nursing to advance environmental health practice through science diplomacy. Oerther uses 16S ribosomal RNA-targeted techniques for fundamental studies of the ecology of bacteria in engineered and natural systems. He promotes transdisciplinarity among engineers, nurses, and sanitarians to improve access to clean water, nutritious food, and energy efficiency in developing communities. And Oerther practices innovation in the scholarship of teaching and learning.
Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) is made up of professors in academic programs throughout the world who provide education in the sciences and technologies of environmental protection. The headquarters are located in Washington, DC.
Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX) is a measure of the organic halogen load at a sampling site such as soil from a land fill, water, or sewage waste. The procedure measures chlorine, bromine, and iodine as equivalent halogens, but does not measure fluorine levels in the sample.
Pedro J.J. Alvarez is the George R. Brown Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rice University, where he also serves as Director of the National Science Foundation-sponsored Engineering Research Center on Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT).
Anne Hiltner was an American polymer scientist who founded the Center for Applied Polymer Research (CAPRI) and was later instrumental in the founding of the Center for Layer Polymeric Systems (CLiPS), a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center at Case Western Reserve University. She served as Director of the Center for Layered Polymeric Systems from its founding in 2006 until her death in 2010.
Vicki Helene Grassian is the Chair of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego. She is also a Distinguished Professor in the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NanoEngineering, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography and holds the Distinguished Chair in Physical Chemistry.
Hind Al-Abadleh is a multi-award-winning professor of chemistry at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. She studies the physical chemistry of environmental interfaces, aerosols and climate change.
Janet Gordon Hering is the Director of the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology and Professor of Biogeochemistry at ETH Zurich and EPFL. She works on the biogeochemical cycling of trace elements in water and the management of water infrastructure.
Patricia Martin Dove is an American geochemist. She is a University Distinguished Professor and the C.P. Miles Professor of Science at Virginia Tech with appointments in the Department of Geosciences and Department of Chemistry. Her research focuses on the kinetics and thermodynamics of mineral reactions with aqueous solutions in biogeochemical systems. Much of her work is on crystal nucleation and growth during biomineralization and biomaterial synthesis. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2012 and currently serves as secretary of Class I, Physical Sciences.
Barbara A. Bekins is a research hydrologist at the United States Geological Survey. She studies the environmental impact of a crude oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2020 for contributions to characterizing subsurface microbial populations related to contaminant degradation.
Christina Bohannan is an American attorney, legal scholar, former engineer, and politician serving as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from the 85th district. Elected in November 2020, she assumed office on January 11, 2021. She is a candidate for Iowa’s 2nd congressional district in 2022.
References
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- 1 2 3 "Michelle Scherer: Solving the Puzzle". IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering. 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- 1 2 "Michelle M. Scherer | College of Engineering | The University of Iowa". www.engineering.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ↑ "Walter J. Weber, Jr. AEESP Frontier in Research Award | AEESP Foundation". www.aeespfoundation.org. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- ↑ jmalewitz (2010-12-21). "With National Science Foundation grant, UI researcher will study metals in soil". Iowa Environmental Focus. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- 1 2 "AEESP". www.aeesp.org. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ↑ "Platform Presenters - Michelle Scherer". www.remtecsummit.com. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- 1 2 "Getting the lead out". Iowa Now. 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- ↑ Ojeda, Hillary. "How you can test for lead in your tap water for free". Iowa City Press-Citizen. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- 1 2 "UI holds Celebration of Excellence and Achievement Among Women". Iowa Now. 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ↑ "Scherer to Receive May Brodbeck Distinguished Achievement Award for Faculty | College of Engineering | The University of Iowa". www.engineering.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-14.