MicroRNA 499a

MIR499A
Identifiers
Aliases	MIR499A , MIR499, MIRN499, hsa-mir-499a, mir-499a, microRNA 499a
External IDs	OMIM: 613614 GeneCards: MIR499A
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	34,990,497 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right uterine tube; ; pituitary gland; ; anterior pituitary; ; body of pancreas; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; myometrium; ; monocyte; ; blood; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; right lobe of thyroid gland;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Orthologs
	574501
	n/a
	ENSG00000207635
	n/a
	n ; a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated February 14, 2023

MicroRNA 499a is a non-coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR499A gene.^[3]

Function

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Related Research Articles

The miR-124 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that has been identified in flies, nematode worms, mouse and human. The mature ~21 nucleotide microRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme, and in this case originates from the 3' arm. miR-124 has been found to be the most abundant microRNA expressed in neuronal cells. Experiments to alter expression of miR-124 in neural cells did not appear to affect differentiation. However these results are controversial since other reports have described a role for miR-124 during neuronal differentiation.

The miR-17 microRNA precursor family are a group of related small non-coding RNA genes called microRNAs that regulate gene expression. The microRNA precursor miR-17 family, includes miR-20a/b, miR-93, and miR-106a/b. With the exception of miR-93, these microRNAs are produced from several microRNA gene clusters, which apparently arose from a series of ancient evolutionary genetic duplication events, and also include members of the miR-19, and miR-25 families. These clusters are transcribed as long non-coding RNA transcripts that are processed to form ~70 nucleotide microRNA precursors, that are subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide products. The mature microRNA products are thought to regulate expression levels of other genes through complementarity to the 3' UTR of specific target messenger RNA.

miR-196 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that has been shown to be expressed in humans and mice. miR-196 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species. In many species the miRNA appears to be expressed from intergenic regions in HOX gene clusters. The hairpin precursors are predicted based on base pairing and cross-species conservation—their extents are not known. In this case the mature sequence is excised from the 5' arm of the hairpin.

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MicroRNA 7-1 is a microRNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR7-1 gene.

MicroRNA 196a-2 is a MicroRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR196A2 gene, and is part of the Mir-196 microRNA precursor family.

MicroRNA 138-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR138-1 gene.

MicroRNA 489 is a miRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR489 gene.

MicroRNA 503 is a non-coding RNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR503 gene.

MicroRNA 148a is a miRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR148A gene.

MicroRNA 106a is a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR106A gene.

MicroRNA 495 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR495 gene.

MicroRNA 141 is a non-coding RNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR141 gene.

MicroRNA 375 is a non coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR375 gene.

MicroRNA 195 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR195 gene.

MicroRNA 885 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR885 gene.

MicroRNA 124-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR124-3 gene.

MicroRNA 93 is a functional RNA and a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR93 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000207635 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: MicroRNA 499a" . Retrieved 2017-06-02.

Xu J, Hu Z, Xu Z, Gu H, Yi L, Cao H, Chen J, Tian T, Liang J, Lin Y, Qiu W, Ma H, Shen H, Chen Y (2009). "Functional variant in microRNA-196a2 contributes to the susceptibility of congenital heart disease in a Chinese population". Hum. Mutat. 30 (8): 1231–6. doi: 10.1002/humu.21044 . PMID 19514064. S2CID 8131503.
Catucci I, Yang R, Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Heesen L, Hemminki K, Sutter C, Wappenschmidt B, Dick M, Arnold N, Bugert P, Niederacher D, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Bartram CC, Ficarazzi F, Tizzoni L, Zaffaroni D, Manoukian S, Barile M, Pierotti MA, Radice P, Burwinkel B, Peterlongo P (2010). "Evaluation of SNPs in miR-146a, miR196a2 and miR-499 as low-penetrance alleles in German and Italian familial breast cancer cases". Hum. Mutat. 31 (1): E1052–7. doi: 10.1002/humu.21141 . PMID 19847796. S2CID 37236204.
Wang M, Ye Y, Qian H, Song Z, Jia X, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Ni C (2010). "Common genetic variants in pre-microRNAs are associated with risk of coal workers' pneumoconiosis". J. Hum. Genet. 55 (1): 13–17. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2009.112 . PMID 19881472.
Sluijter JP, van Mil A, van Vliet P, Metz CH, Liu J, Doevendans PA, Goumans MJ (2010). "MicroRNA-1 and -499 regulate differentiation and proliferation in human-derived cardiomyocyte progenitor cells". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30 (4): 859–68. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.197434 . PMID 20081117.
Bell ML, Buvoli M, Leinwand LA (2010). "Uncoupling of expression of an intronic microRNA and its myosin host gene by exon skipping". Mol. Cell. Biol. 30 (8): 1937–45. doi:10.1128/MCB.01370-09. PMC 2849460 . PMID 20154144.
Zhou B, Rao L, Peng Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Song Y, Zhang L (2010). "Common genetic polymorphisms in pre-microRNAs were associated with increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy". Clin. Chim. Acta. 411 (17–18): 1287–90. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.05.010. PMID 20488170.
Liu Z, Li G, Wei S, Niu J, El-Naggar AK, Sturgis EM, Wei Q (2010). "Genetic variants in selected pre-microRNA genes and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck". Cancer. 116 (20): 4753–60. doi:10.1002/cncr.25323. PMC 3030480 . PMID 20549817.
Wilson KD, Hu S, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Fu JD, Sun N, Abilez OJ, Baugh JJ, Jia F, Ghosh Z, Li RA, Butte AJ, Wu JC (2010). "Dynamic microRNA expression programs during cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells: role for miR-499". Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 3 (5): 426–35. doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.934281. PMC 3057038 . PMID 20733065.
George GP, Gangwar R, Mandal RK, Sankhwar SN, Mittal RD (2011). "Genetic variation in microRNA genes and prostate cancer risk in North Indian population". Mol. Biol. Rep. 38 (3): 1609–15. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0270-4. PMID 20842445. S2CID 42713060.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000207635 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: MicroRNA 499a" . Retrieved 2017-06-02.

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MicroRNA 499a

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading