Miklas Scholz | |
---|---|
Born | 16 September 1970 |
Occupation(s) | Professor, editor and researcher |
Academic background | |
Education | MSc in Water Resources Engineering PhD in Civil Engineering PgC in Higher Education Practice DSc in Civil Engineering |
Alma mater | Lund University |
Academic work | |
Institutions | Lund University University of Salford University of Johannesburg Central University of Technology |
Miklas Scholz is a professor in water resources engineering at Lund University. He holds the chair in civil engineering at University of Salford [1] where he serves as a professor and the head of the civil engineering research group. Scholz is also a distinguished professor at Johannesburg University and the Central University of Technology.
Scholz's main research areas are treatment wetlands,integrated constructed wetlands (ICW),sustainable flood retention basins (SFRB),permeable pavement systems,decision support systems,ponds and capillary suction time. He has published 4 books and over 240 articles in various journals. He has also served as an editor of several scientific journals. In 2020,his work has been cited over 6800 times according to Google Scholar,with an h-index of 42. [2]
In 2019,Scholz was awarded €7,000,000 for the EU H2020 REA project Water Retention and Nutrient Recycling in Soils and Streams for Improved Agricultural Production (WATERAGRI). [3] He received €1,520,000 in 2018 for the JPI Water Project 2018. [4]
Scholz completed his M.Sc. in water resources engineering from City,University of London in 1995. He did his doctoral studies in civil engineering from the University of Birmingham in 1997. He then completed his PgC in higher education practice from the University of Bradford in 2002. Scholz obtained a DSc in civil engineering from the University of Salford in 2017. [5]
Scholz started his academic career as a lecturer at the University of Bradford. He worked at the University of Edinburgh between 2002 and 2010. He left the University of Edinburgh and joined University of Salford as a full professor. There he was appointed as chair in civil engineering and later as the director of the Civil Engineering Research Centre (CERC). From 2016 till 2019,he served as a guest professor at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. He is a distinguished professor of civil engineering at the Central University of Technology and of civil engineering science at the University of Johannesburg. He is a professor of water resources engineering at Lund University. [1]
Scholz has served as the editor of 34 scientific journals. He is the editor of Exploratory Environmental Science Research [6] and Journal of Environmental and Life Sciences. [7]
Scholz's research is mostly focused on treatment wetlands,integrated constructed wetlands (ICW),sustainable flood retention basins (SFRB),permeable pavement systems,decision support systems,ponds and capillary suction time. He has also conducted research about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean fresh water. [2]
Scholz's SFRB concept assesses the multi-functionality of all large water bodies with particular reference to their flood and diffuse pollution control potential. The SFRB concept addresses the need to assess the flood control potential of all European water bodies as part of new legislation. He has presented an unbiased classification system,which allows all stakeholders to clearly define the purpose of a water body that can be classed as an SFRB. [8]
Scholz contributed to the design guidelines of wetland systems as a research consultant. These guidelines assist managers in all aspects of ICW planning,design,construction,maintenance and management. [9] His research has led to the incorporation of findings into national and international guidelines on wetland and sustainable drainage systems. [10]
Scholz has conducted research about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean fresh water. Wastewater is considered an alternative option to overcome the shortage in water supply resulting particularly from population growth. He has identified the application of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation as having much potential,especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus,which are essential for plant production. [11]
Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation,Scholz found wetlands to be the one of the most suitable ones in terms of pollutant removal and have advantages due to both low maintenance costs and required energy. His research highlighted that specific wastewater characteristics decide upon the wetland design to be used for treatment. [12] Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte composition,substrate,hydrology,surface loading rate,influent feeding mode,microorganism availability and temperature. [13] Scholz's research indicated that constructed wetlands are effective in removing organics and suspended solids,although the removal of nitrogen is relatively low,but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands.
Environmental engineering is a professional engineering discipline related to environmental science. It encompasses broad scientific topics like chemistry,biology,ecology,geology,hydraulics,hydrology,microbiology,and mathematics to create solutions that will protect and also improve the health of living organisms and improve the quality of the environment. Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering and chemical engineering. While on the part of civil engineering,the Environmental Engineering is focused mainly on Sanitary Engineering.
Permeable paving surfaces are made of either a porous material that enables stormwater to flow through it or nonporous blocks spaced so that water can flow between the gaps. Permeable paving can also include a variety of surfacing techniques for roads,parking lots,and pedestrian walkways. Permeable pavement surfaces may be composed of;pervious concrete,porous asphalt,paving stones,or interlocking pavers. Unlike traditional impervious paving materials such as concrete and asphalt,permeable paving systems allow stormwater to percolate and infiltrate through the pavement and into the aggregate layers and/or soil below. In addition to reducing surface runoff,permeable paving systems can trap suspended solids,thereby filtering pollutants from stormwater.
Wastewater treatment is a process which removes and eliminates contaminants from wastewater and converts this into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle,the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater,the treatment plant is called a Sewage Treatment. For industrial wastewater,treatment either takes place in a separate Industrial wastewater treatment,or in a sewage treatment plant. Further types of wastewater treatment plants include Agricultural wastewater treatment and leachate treatment plants.
A constructed wetland is an artificial wetland to treat sewage,greywater,stormwater runoff or industrial wastewater. It may also be designed for land reclamation after mining,or as a mitigation step for natural areas lost to land development. Constructed wetlands are engineered systems that use the natural functions of vegetation,soil,and organisms to provide secondary treatment to wastewater. The design of the constructed wetland has to be adjusted according to the type of wastewater to be treated. Constructed wetlands have been used in both centralized and decentralized wastewater systems. Primary treatment is recommended when there is a large amount of suspended solids or soluble organic matter.
Waste stabilization ponds are ponds designed and built for wastewater treatment to reduce the organic content and remove pathogens from wastewater. They are man-made depressions confined by earthen structures. Wastewater or "influent" enters on one side of the waste stabilization pond and exits on the other side as "effluent",after spending several days in the pond,during which treatment processes take place.
A retention basin, sometimes called a retention pond,wet detention basin,or storm water management pond (SWMP),is an artificial pond with vegetation around the perimeter and a permanent pool of water in its design. It is used to manage stormwater runoff,for protection against flooding,for erosion control,and to serve as an artificial wetland and improve the water quality in adjacent bodies of water.
Rain gardens,also called bioretention facilities,are one of a variety of practices designed to increase rain runoff reabsorption by the soil. They can also be used to treat polluted stormwater runoff. Rain gardens are designed landscape sites that reduce the flow rate,total quantity,and pollutant load of runoff from impervious urban areas like roofs,driveways,walkways,parking lots,and compacted lawn areas. Rain gardens rely on plants and natural or engineered soil medium to retain stormwater and increase the lag time of infiltration,while remediating and filtering pollutants carried by urban runoff. Rain gardens provide a method to reuse and optimize any rain that falls,reducing or avoiding the need for additional irrigation. A benefit of planting rain gardens is the consequential decrease in ambient air and water temperature,a mitigation that is especially effective in urban areas containing an abundance of impervious surfaces that absorb heat in a phenomenon known as the heat-island effect.
Robert A. (Bob) Gearheart is an emeritus professor of environmental engineering at Humboldt State University,in Arcata,California.
Sustainable drainage systems are a collection of water management practices that aim to align modern drainage systems with natural water processes and are part of a larger green infrastructure strategy. SuDS efforts make urban drainage systems more compatible with components of the natural water cycle such as storm surge overflows,soil percolation,and bio-filtration. These efforts hope to mitigate the effect human development has had or may have on the natural water cycle,particularly surface runoff and water pollution trends.
Secondary treatment is the removal of biodegradable organic matter from sewage or similar kinds of wastewater. The aim is to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality in a sewage treatment plant suitable for the intended disposal or reuse option. A "primary treatment" step often precedes secondary treatment,whereby physical phase separation is used to remove settleable solids. During secondary treatment,biological processes are used to remove dissolved and suspended organic matter measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). These processes are performed by microorganisms in a managed aerobic or anaerobic process depending on the treatment technology. Bacteria and protozoa consume biodegradable soluble organic contaminants while reproducing to form cells of biological solids. Secondary treatment is widely used in sewage treatment and is also applicable to many agricultural and industrial wastewaters.
Best management practices (BMPs) is a term used in the United States and Canada to describe a type of water pollution control. Historically the term has referred to auxiliary pollution controls in the fields of industrial wastewater control and municipal sewage control,while in stormwater management and wetland management,BMPs may refer to a principal control or treatment technique as well.
Sewage treatment is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application,thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. Sewage contains wastewater from households and businesses and possibly pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a high number of sewage treatment processes to choose from. These can range from decentralized systems to large centralized systems involving a network of pipes and pump stations which convey the sewage to a treatment plant. For cities that have a combined sewer,the sewers will also carry urban runoff (stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant. Sewage treatment often involves two main stages,called primary and secondary treatment,while advanced treatment also incorporates a tertiary treatment stage with polishing processes and nutrient removal. Secondary treatment can reduce organic matter from sewage, using aerobic or anaerobic biological processes.
Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is a land planning and engineering design approach which integrates the urban water cycle,including stormwater,groundwater,and wastewater management and water supply,into urban design to minimise environmental degradation and improve aesthetic and recreational appeal. WSUD is a term used in the Middle East and Australia and is similar to low-impact development (LID),a term used in the United States;and Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS),a term used in the United Kingdom.
George Tchobanoglous is an American civil and environmental engineer,writer and professor.
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Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of wastewater treatment process that was first invented by Professor Hallvard Ødegaard at Norwegian University of Science and Technology in the late 1980s. The process takes place in an aeration tank with activated sludge and uses floating,recycled plastic carriers that a biofilm can grow on. The compact size and cheap wastewater treatment costs offers many advantages for the system. The main objective of using MBBR being water reuse and nutrient removal or recovery. In theory,wastewater will be no longer considered waste,it can be considered a resource.
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