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| Ming River | |||||||||
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| Chinese | 洺 河 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Ming River | ||||||||
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| Former name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 洺 水 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Ming River | ||||||||
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| Other names | |||||||||
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| Qin River | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 寢 水 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 寝 水 | ||||||||
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| Qianbu River | |||||||||
| Chinese | 千步 水 | ||||||||
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| Nanyi River | |||||||||
| Chinese | 南易 水 | ||||||||
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The Ming River,also formerly known as the Qin,Qianbu,and Nanyi River,is a tributary of the Ziya River in Hebei,China.
The river gave its name to Imperial China's Ming Prefecture and to its capital Mingzhou,now Guangfu. During the establishment of the Tang,Prince Li Shimin broke a dam across the Ming in order to destroy the rebel army under Liu Heita in AD 622.
The history of the area now known as China has alternated between periods of united prosperity and cathartic division. The heartland of classical Chinese civilization is the Yellow River valley. The Yangtze River valley is also integral to the history of China,and still maintains a rich diversity of ethnic and linguistic minorities. The traditional lens for viewing Chinese history is the dynastic cycle:imperial dynasties rise and fall,and are ascribed certain achievements. Throughout pervades the narrative that Chinese civilization can be traced as an unbroken thread many thousands of years into the past,making it one of the cradles of civilization. At various times,states representative of a dominant Chinese culture have directly controlled areas stretching as far west as the Tian Shan,the Tarim Basin,and the Himalayas,as far north as the Sayan Mountains,and as far south as the delta of the Red River.
Nanjing,alternately romanized as Nanking,is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city,a megacity,and the second largest city in Eastern China. The city has 11 districts,an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi),and a total recorded population of 9,423,400 as of 2021. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region,Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture,having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties,kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949,and has thus long been a major center of culture,education,research,politics,economy,transport networks and tourism,being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure,enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of "Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength" issued by the National Statistics Bureau,and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China,Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City. Nanjing is also considered a Beta city classification,together with Chongqing,Hangzhou and Tianjin by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,and ranked as one of the world's top 100 cities in the Global Financial Centres Index.
The Ming dynasty,officially the Great Ming,was an imperial dynasty of China,ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people,the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng,numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662.
The Grand Canal,known to the Chinese as the Jing–Hang Grand Canal,a UNESCO World Heritage Site,is the longest canal or artificial river in the world. Starting in Beijing,it passes through Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei,Shandong,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang to the city of Hangzhou,linking the Yellow River and Yangtze River. The oldest parts of the canal date back to the 5th century BC,but the various sections were first connected during the Sui dynasty. Dynasties in 1271–1633 significantly restored and rebuilt the canal and altered its route to supply their capital. The Grand Canal played a major role in reunifying north and south China. The canal was built by conscripted laborers and connected the Yellow River in the north with the Yangtze River in the south,which made it much easier to transport grain from the south to the centers of political and military power in north China.
The Amur,or Heilong Jiang,is the world's tenth longest river,forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China. The Amur proper is 2,824 kilometres (1,755 mi) long,and has a drainage basin of 1,855,000 km2 (716,000 sq mi). Including its source river Argun,it is 4,444 km (2,761 mi) long. The largest fish species in the Amur is the kaluga,attaining a length as great as 5.6 metres (18 ft). The river basin is home to a variety of large predatory fish such as northern snakehead,Amur pike,taimen,Amur catfish,predatory carp and yellowcheek,as well as the northernmost populations of the Amur softshell turtle and Indian lotus.
The Crisis of the Tumu Fortress,also known as the Tumu Crisis,or the Jisi Incident,was a frontier conflict between the Northern Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Oirat ruler of the Northern Yuan,Esen,captured the Emperor Yingzong of Ming on September 1,1449.
The Yongle Emperor,personal name Zhu Di,was the third Emperor of the Ming dynasty,reigning from 1402 to 1424. He was addressed as the "Emperor Manjushri" (文殊皇帝) by Tibetans.
Dongting Lake is a large,shallow lake in northeastern Hunan Province,China. It is a flood basin of the Yangtze River,so its volume depends on the season. The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their location relative to the lake:Hubei means "North of the Lake" and Hunan,"South of the Lake".
Jiangnan,also romanized as Kiangnan,Chiang-nan,and Jiang Nan,is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,including the southern part of its delta. The region encompasses the city of Shanghai,the southern part of Jiangsu Province,the southeastern part of Anhui Province,the northern part of Jiangxi Province and the northern part of Zhejiang Province. The most important cities in the area include Anqing,Changzhou,Hangzhou,Nanjing,Ningbo,Shaoxing,Suzhou,Wuxi,Wenzhou,Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the designation under which the UNESCO has included several tombs and burial complexes into the list of World Heritage Sites. These tombs date from the Ming and Qing dynasties of China.
Hongze Lake,previously known as Lake Hungtze or Hung-tse,is the fifth-largest freshwater lake in China. Although it is known to have existed from antiquity,it drastically increased in size during the Qing when the Yellow River—then still flowing south of Shandong—merged with the Huai. The increased sediment and flow combined to greatly expand the lake,swallowing the previous regional center of Sizhou and the Ming Zuling tombs. During the imperial and republican periods,the lake formed part of the border between Jiangsu and Anhui provinces but since 1955 the previous borders have been shifted to place it entirely under Jiangsu's administration. It is now encompassed by the counties of Sihong and Siyang in Suqian Prefecture and Xuyi and Hongze in Huai'an Prefecture. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China,the lake has generally decreased in size as more of its inflow has been diverted for irrigation.
LêLợi,also known by his temple name as LêThái Tổ (黎太祖) and by his pre-imperial title Bình Định vương,was a Vietnamese rebel leader who founded the Later Lêdynasty and became the first emperor of the restored kingdom of Đại Việt after it was conquered by the Ming dynasty. In 1418,LêLợi and his followers in his homeland rose up against Ming rule,was called the Lam Sơn Uprising. He was known for his effective guerrilla tactics,including constantly moving on the wing and using small bands of brigands to ambush the regular Ming units. Nine years later,his resistance movement successfully drove the Ming armies out of Vietnam and liberated the country. LêLợi is among the most famous figures of Vietnamese history and one of its greatest heroes.
The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were built from as early as the 7th century BC,with selective stretches later joined by Qin Shi Huang (220–206 BC),the first emperor of China. Little of the Qin wall remains. Later on,many successive dynasties built and maintained multiple stretches of border walls. The best-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
She County,or Shexian,is a county in the southeast of Anhui Province,China,bordering Zhejiang Province to the east. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Huangshan City. It has a population of 363,000 as of 2021,and an area of 2,236 square kilometres (863 sq mi).
The Southern Ming,also known in historiography as the Later Ming,officially the Great Ming,was an imperial dynasty of China and a series of rump states of the Ming dynasty that came into existence following the Jiashen Incident of 1644. Shun forces led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing and the Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide. The Ming general Wu Sangui then opened the gates of the Shanhai Pass in the eastern section of the Great Wall to the Qing banners,in hope of using them to annihilate the Shun forces. Ming loyalists fled to Nanjing,where they enthroned Zhu Yousong as the Hongguang Emperor,marking the start of the Southern Ming. The Nanjing regime lasted until 1645,when Qing forces captured Nanjing. Zhu fled before the city fell,but was captured and executed shortly thereafter. Later figures continued to hold court in various southern Chinese cities,although the Qing considered them to be pretenders.
The Northern Yuan was a dynastic regime ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until its conquest by the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty in 1635. The Northern Yuan dynasty began with the retreat of the Yuan imperial court led by Toghon Temür to the Mongolian steppe. This period featured factional struggles and the often only nominal role of the Great Khan.
The Ming Ancestors Mausoleum,Ming Ancestor Tomb,or Zuling Tomb was the first imperial mausoleum complex of the Ming dynasty,constructed at a geomantically advantageous site near the inlet of the Huai River into the west side of Hongze Lake in present-day Xuyi County,Huai'an Prefecture,Jiangsu Province,China. Built between 1386 and 1413 by Zhu Yuanzhang—the Hongwu Emperor who founded the Ming—and his son Zhu Di the Yongle Emperor to display their filial piety,it was located north of the town of Sizhou,where the ancestors of the dynasty had lived. The remains of the Hongwu Emperor's grandfather Zhu Chuyi are known to have been disintered and moved to the site. He,his father Zhu Sijiu,and his grandfather Zhu Bailiu were posthumously revered at the site as honorary emperors,Zhu Chuyi as the Xi Ancestor of the Ming (Xizu),Zhu Sijiu as the Yi Ancestor of the Ming (Yizu),and Zhu Bailiu as the De Ancestor of the Ming (Dezu).
The Lam Sơn uprising was a Vietnamese rebellion led by LêLợi in the province of Jiaozhi from 1418 to 1427 against the rule of Ming China. The success of the rebellion led to the establishment of the Later Lêdynasty by LêLợi in Đại Việt.
Manchuria under Ming rule refers to the domination of the Ming dynasty over Manchuria,including today's Northeast China and Outer Manchuria. The Ming rule of Manchuria began with its conquest of Manchuria in the late 1380s after the fall of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty,and reached its peak in the early 15th century with the establishment of the Nurgan Regional Military Commission,but the Ming power waned considerably in Manchuria after that. Starting in the 1580s,the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci began to take control of most of Manchuria over the next several decades,and in 1616 he established the Later Jin. The Qing dynasty established by his son Hong Taiji would eventually conquer the Ming and take control of Southern China.
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