Minna of Worms

Minna of Worms (died in May 1096) was a Jewish businesswoman and martyr, killed by antisemitic Christians. ^{[1] [2]} She was an influential Jewish person, being a significant moneylender with clients and friends among the Christian nobility. Minna was one of the most famous victims of the 1096 Worms massacre which occurred during the First Crusade. ^[3] She was murdered after refusing to convert to Christianity. ^{[4] [5]}

References

1. Taitz, E.; Henry, S.; Tallan, C. (2003). The JPS Guide to Jewish Women: 600 B.C.E. to 1900 C.E. A JPS Guide Series. Jewish Publication Society. p. 111. ISBN   978-0-8276-0752-1.
2. Chazan, Robert (2002), Abulafia, Anna Sapir (ed.), "The Anti Jewish Violence of 1096: Perpetrators and Dynamics", Religious Violence between Christians and Jews: Medieval Roots, Modern Perspectives, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 21–43, doi:10.1057/9781403913821_2, ISBN   978-1-4039-1382-1 , retrieved 2024-01-20
3. Fine, Lawrence (2001-11-18). Judaism in Practice: From the Middle Ages Through the Early Modern Period. Princeton University Press. ISBN   978-0-691-05787-3.
4. Chazan, R. (1996). European Jewry and the First Crusade. University of California Press. p. 122. ISBN   978-0-520-20506-2 . Retrieved 12 July 2018.
5. Malkiel, David (2001-10-01). "Destruction or Conversion Intention and reaction, Crusaders and Jews, in 1096". Jewish History. 15 (3): 257–280. doi:10.1023/A:1014208904545. ISSN   1572-8579.

• Taitz, E.; Henry, S.; Tallan, C. (2003). The JPS Guide to Jewish Women: 600 B.C.E. to 1900 C.E. A JPS Guide Series. Jewish Publication Society. p. 111. ISBN   978-0-8276-0752-1.