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Minna of Worms was a Jewish businesswoman and martyr, killed by antisemitic Christians. She was an influential Jewish person, being a significant moneylender with clients and friends among the Christian nobility. Minna was one of the most famous victims of the 1096 Worms massacre which occurred during the First Crusade. She was murdered after refusing to convert to Christianity.
References
- ↑ Gabriele, Matthew. “Against the Enemies of Christ: The Role of Count Emicho in the Anti-Jewish Violence of the First Crusade” in Christian Attitudes Toward the Jews in the Middle Ages: a casebook, edited by Michael Frassetto, 61–83, New York: Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group, 2007.
- ↑ David Nirenberg, 'The Rhineland Massacres of Jews in the First Crusade, Memories Medieval and Modern', in Medieval Concepts of the Past: Ritual, Memory, Historiography, pp. 279–310
- ↑ Simon Schama, The History of the Jews, 1000 BCE–1492 CE, Vintage Books 2014 pp. 298–299.
- ↑ Runciman, Steven (2004). The First Crusade. Cambridge University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780521611480.
- 1 2 Kantor, Máttis (2005). Codex Judaica: Chronological Index of Jewish History, Covering 5,764 Years of Biblical, Talmudic & Post-Talmudic History. Zichron Press. p. 186. ISBN 9780967037837.
- ↑ "Worms". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
- ↑ Emily Taitz, Sondra Henry & Cheryl Tallan, The JPS Guide to Jewish Women: 600 B.C.E. to 1900 C.E., 2003
- ↑ "Worms". SchUM Städte e.V. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
- ↑ Eisenberg, Ronald L.; Society, Jewish Publication (2008). Jewish Traditions: A JPS Guide. New Adult Titles. Dulles: Jewish Publication Society. p. 461. ISBN 978-0-8276-1039-2.