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The miR-9 microRNA, is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. The mature ~21nt miRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme. The dominant mature miRNA sequence is processed from the 5' arm of the mir-9 precursor, and from the 3' arm of the mir-79 precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. In vertebrates, miR-9 is highly expressed in the brain, and is suggested to regulate neuronal differentiation. A number of specific targets of miR-9 have been proposed, including the transcription factor REST and its partner CoREST.
The miR-129 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. This microRNA was first experimentally characterised in mouse and homologues have since been discovered in several other species, such as humans, rats and zebrafish. The mature sequence is excised by the Dicer enzyme from the 5' arm of the hairpin. It was elucidated by Calin et al. that miR-129-1 is located in a fragile site region of the human genome near a specific site, FRA7H in chromosome 7q32, which is a site commonly deleted in many cancers. miR-129-2 is located in 11p11.2.
The miR-17 microRNA precursor family are a group of related small non-coding RNA genes called microRNAs that regulate gene expression. The microRNA precursor miR-17 family, includes miR-20a/b, miR-93, and miR-106a/b. With the exception of miR-93, these microRNAs are produced from several microRNA gene clusters, which apparently arose from a series of ancient evolutionary genetic duplication events, and also include members of the miR-19, and miR-25 families. These clusters are transcribed as long non-coding RNA transcripts that are processed to form ~70 nucleotide microRNA precursors, that are subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide products. The mature microRNA products are thought to regulate expression levels of other genes through complementarity to the 3' UTR of specific target messenger RNA.
In molecular biology mir-126 is a short non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several pre- and post-transcription mechanisms.
In molecular biology, mir-221 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
miR-338 is a family of brain-specific microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.
In molecular biology mir-32 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
In molecular biology mir-340 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
In molecular biology mir-367 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
In molecular biology, microRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. The miR-449 microRNA family encompasses three homologous small RNA molecules (miR-449a/b/c). This miR-449 cluster is located in the second intron of the CDC20B gene which both are co-transcribed. This miR-449 family belongs to the miR-34/miR-449 superfamily of microRNAs that is composed of six homologous miRNAs, named miR-34a/b/c and miR-449a/b/c. They are grouped together in the same superfamily, as their seed region and their adjacent nucleotide sequences are largely conserved. The miR-449 miRNAs control the differentiation of multiciliated cells in vertebrates.
In molecular biology mir-497 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
In molecular biology mir-185 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
In molecular biology mir-198 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
In molecular biology mir-625 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. Many microRNAs play important roles in cancer development and progression.
In molecular biology mir-663 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
MicroRNA 106a is a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR106A gene.
MicroRNA 141 is a non-coding RNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR141 gene.
MicroRNA 195 is a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR195 gene.
miR-324-5p is a microRNA that functions in cell growth, apoptosis, cancer, epilepsy, neuronal differentiation, psychiatric conditions, cardiac disease pathology, and more. As a microRNA, it regulates gene expression through targeting mRNAs. Additionally, miR-324-5p is both an intracellular miRNA, meaning it is commonly found within the microenvironment of the cell, and one of several circulating miRNAs found throughout the body. Its presence throughout the body both within and external to cells may contribute to miR-324-5p's wide array of functions and role in numerous disease pathologies – especially cancer – in various organ systems.
MicroRNA 425 is a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR425 gene.
References
- ↑ Lu J, Kwan BC, Lai FM, Tam LS, Li EK, Chow KM, Wang G, Li PK, Szeto CC (May 2012). "Glomerular and tubulointerstitial miR-638, miR-198 and miR-146a expression in lupus nephritis". Nephrology. 17 (4): 346–51. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01573.x. PMID 22295894. S2CID 24163790.
- ↑ Yao Y, Suo AL, Li ZF, Liu LY, Tian T, Ni L, Zhang WG, Nan KJ, Song TS, Huang C (2009). "MicroRNA profiling of human gastric cancer". Molecular Medicine Reports. 2 (6): 963–70. doi: 10.3892/mmr_00000199 . PMID 21475928.
- ↑ Yang Y, Wang LL, Li YH, Gao XN, Yu L (April 2011). "[Expression level of miRNA-663 in different leukemic cell lines and its biological function]". Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 19 (2): 279–83. PMID 21518471.
