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Tipu Sultan, commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was the Indian Muslim ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery. He introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar, and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry. Tipu was also a pioneer in introducing Channapatna toys. He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin, He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna.
Siraj-ud-Daulah was the last independent Nawab of Bengal, reigning from 1756 to 1757. The end of his reign marked the beginning of the rule of the East India Company over Bengal and later almost all of the Indian subcontinent.
The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of four wars fought during the last three decades of the 18th century between the Sultanate of Mysore on the one hand, and the British East India Company, Maratha Empire, Kingdom of Travancore, and the Kingdom of Hyderabad on the other. Hyder Ali and his succeeding son Tipu fought the wars on four fronts: with the British attacking from the west, south and east and the Nizam's forces attacking from the north. The fourth war resulted in the overthrow of the house of Hyder Ali and Tipu, and the dismantlement of Mysore to the benefit of the East India Company, which took control of much of the Indian subcontinent.
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The captivity of Nairs at Seringapatam was imposed on the Nairs of Malabar by Tipu Sultan, the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1786 to 1799. They were subjected to forcible conversions to Sunni Islam, the official religious sect sanctioned by the Ottoman Caliphate, whose approval and alliance was sought by Tippu Sultan. Those who refused conversions had to face many humiliations, hardships, torture, and even death. The Nairs were treated with extreme brutality due to their strong adherence to the Hindu faith and martial tradition. The captivity ended when Nair troops from Travancore defeated Tipu in the Third Anglo-Mysore War. It is estimated that out of the 30,000 Nairs put to captivity, only a few hundred returned to Malabar alive.
Dhondia Wagh was a military soldier and adventurer in 18th century India. He started his career in the service of Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore. During the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he deserted Ali's successor Tipu Sultan, and subsequently raided territories on the Maratha-Mysore border. After the Marathas forced him to retreat, he sought refuge from Tipu and converted to Islam, changing his name to Malik Jahan Khan. After Tipu's death in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, he raised a force comprising soldiers from the former Mysore Army, and took control of northern part of the Mysore Kingdom. He styled himself as Ubhaya-Lokadheeshwara. The British East India Company as well as the Maratha Peshwa sent armies to check his rising power. He was ultimately defeated and killed by a British force led by Arthur Wellesley.
The Battle of Nedumkotta took place between December 1789 and May 1790, and was a reason for the opening of hostilities in the Third Anglo-Mysore War. This battle was fought between Tipu Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore and Dharma Raja, Maharaja of Travancore. Mysore army attacked the fortified line in Thrissur district at the Travancore border known as the Nedumkotta. The Mysore army was successfully repulsed by the Travancore army under the leadership of Raja Kesavadas, Dewan of Travancore.
The Maratha–Mysore Wars were a conflict in 18th century India between the Maratha Empire and the Kingdom of Mysore. Though initial hostilities between the sides started in 1770s, the last battle began on February 1785 and ended in 1787.
The Gumbaz at Srirangapattana is a Muslim mausoleum at the centre of a landscaped garden, holding the graves of Tippu Sultan, his father Hyder Ali (Middle) and his mother Fakhr-Un-Nisa. It was built by Tippu Sultan to house the graves of his parents. The British allowed Tippu to be buried here after his martyrdom in the Siege of Srirangapatna in 1799.
Sadiq is a male name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Ja'far al-Sadiq, the 8th-century Muslim scholar and scientist, considered as an Imam and founder of the Ja'fari school of jurisprudence by Twelver and Isma'ili Shi’as, and a major figure in the Hanafi and Maliki schools of Sunni jurisprudence, known at times simply as Sadiq.
References
- 1 2 Ali, Mubarak (20 May 2022). "Why Mir Jafar and Mir Sadiq are vilified in Pakistan's political discourse". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ↑ Hasan, Mohibbul (1971). History of Tipu Sultan. Calcutta: THE WORLD PRESS PRIVATE LTD. p. 313.
- ↑ Sunderlal, Pandit (2018). How India Lost Her Freedom. SAGE Publications. p. 364. ISBN 978-93-5280-642-3 . Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ↑ "Kingdom of Mysore". lib.mq.edu.au. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ↑ Mohibbul, Hasan (1971). History of Tipu Sultan (2nd ed.). Calcutta: THE WORLD PRESS PRIVATE LTD. p. 328-329.
- ↑ "Real Grave of Mir Sadiq and Ghulam Ali | टिपु सुल्तान के गद्दार". The Tiger of Mysore – via YouTube.
- ↑ "Who Was Mir Sadiq? || Why Do People Throw Shoes On The Grave of Mir Sadiq? || Story Of Traitor" – via YouTube.
- ↑ "Real Grave of Mir Sadiq and Ghulam Ali | टिपु सुल्तान के गद्दार" – via YouTube.
- ↑ "Recalling the forgotten legacy of Mir Sadiq". The New Indian Express.
- ↑ The Pakistan Review (Volume 15 ed.). Ferozsons Limited. 1967.
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