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Greece and Turkey established diplomatic relations in the 1830s following Greece's formation after its declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire. Modern relations began when Turkey was proclaimed a republic in 1923 following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Rivalry has characterised their relations for most of their history with periods of positive relations but no underlying resolution of the main issues.
The Conference of Lausanne was a conference held in Lausanne, Switzerland, during 1922 and 1923. Its purpose was the negotiation of a treaty to replace the Treaty of Sèvres, which, under the new government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was no longer recognized by Turkey.
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The Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations, also known as the Lausanne Convention, was an agreement between the Greek and Turkish governments signed by their representatives in Lausanne on 30 January 1923, in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. The agreement provided for the simultaneous expulsion of Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece and of Muslims from Greece to Turkey. These involuntary population transfers involved approximately two million people, around 1.5 million Anatolian Greeks and 500,000 Muslims in Greece.
The Mosul question was a territorial dispute in the early 20th century between Turkey and the United Kingdom over the possession of the former Ottoman Mosul vilayet.
Interpretation of the Greco-Turkish Agreement refers to an advisory opinion issued by the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) under the League of Nations. The case involved a dispute over the implementation of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, particularly the compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey and the resolution of disputes arising from the process.
The Greco-Turkish Mixed Arbitral Tribunal was an international judicial body established under the Greco-Turkish Agreement of December 1, 1926, to resolve legal disputes arising from the compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey. It operated under the supervision of the League of Nations and played a crucial role in addressing conflicts related to property restitution, compensation claims, and jurisdictional disagreements stemming from the exchange.
Article IV of the Final Protocol refers to a key provision of the Greco-Turkish Agreement of December 1, 1926, which outlined procedures for resolving disputes arising from the compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey. The article established the framework for referring unresolved disagreements to arbitration, a mechanism critical for addressing the complex legal and logistical challenges resulting from the exchange.
References
- ↑ Treaty of Lausanne, 1923. League of Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 28, pp. 11–21.
- ↑ Sluga, Glenda. Internationalism in the Age of Nationalism. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013, p. 135.
- ↑ Pentzopoulos, Dimitri. The Balkan Exchange of Minorities and Its Impact upon Greece. Hurst & Co., 2002.
- ↑ Heraclides, Alexis. The Greek-Turkish Conflict in Historical Perspective. Routledge, 2010, pp. 78–83.
- ↑ League of Nations, Official Journal, 1924–1927.