Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai | |
---|---|
Secretary General of General People's Congress of Libya | |
In office 26 January 2010 –23 August 2011 | |
Prime Minister | Baghdadi Mahmudi |
Leader | Muammar Gaddafi |
Preceded by | Imbarek Shamekh |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | 14 May 1952 |
Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai (born 14 May 1952[ citation needed ]) is a Libyan politician who was the last Secretary General of Libya's General People's Congress and thus the country's nominal head of state from 2010 [1] until 2011. He replaced Imbarek Shamekh. As of 8 September 2011 he is in custody of the NTC forces. [2]
Libya,officially the State of Libya,is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north,Egypt to the east,Sudan to the southeast,Chad to the south,Niger to the southwest,Algeria to the west,and Tunisia to the northwest. Libya is made of three historical regions:Tripolitania,Fezzan,and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost 700,000 square miles,it is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world,and the 16th-largest in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves in the world. The largest city and capital,Tripoli,is located in western Libya and contains over three million of Libya's seven million people.
The politics of Libya is in an uncertain state due to the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 2011 and a recent civil war between the House of Representatives in Tobruk and its supporters,the New General National Congress in Tripoli and its supporters,and various jihadists and tribal elements controlling parts of the country. On 10 March 2021,a national unity government unifying the Second Al-Thani Cabinet of the House of Representatives and the Government of National Accord was formed,which will hold power until the next Libyan general election is held.
The Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG),also known as Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah bi-Libya,was an armed Islamist group. Militants participated in the 2011 Libyan Civil War as the Libyan Islamic Movement,and are involved in the Libyan Civil War as members of the Libya Shield Force. Alleged militants include alleged Al Qaeda organizer Abd al-Muhsin Al-Libi who now holds a key command position in the Libya Shield Force.
Baghdadi Ali Mahmudi is a Libyan politician who was Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya from 5 March 2006 to as late as 1 September 2011,when he acknowledged the collapse of the GPCO and the ascendance of the National Transitional Council as a result of the Libyan Civil War. He has a medical degree,specialising in obstetrics and gynecology,and had served as Deputy Prime Minister to Prime Minister Shukri Ghanem since 2003 at the time he was appointed to replace him. He was a part of Gaddafi's inner circle at least prior to his escape in mid-2011. He was arrested in Tunisia for illegal border entry and jailed for six months,although this was later overruled on appeal,however a Tunisian court decided to extradite Mahmoudi to Libya under a request from Libya's Transitional Council.
Muammar Gaddafi became the de facto leader of Libya on 1 September 1969 after leading a group of young Libyan Army officers against King Idris I in a bloodless coup d'état. After the king had fled the country,the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) headed by Gaddafi abolished the monarchy and the old constitution and established the Libyan Arab Republic,with the motto "freedom,socialism and unity".
Ali Abdussalam Treki was a Libyan diplomat in Muammar Gaddafi's regime. Treki served as one of Libya's top diplomats beginning in the 1970s and ending with the 2011 Libyan Civil War. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1976 to 1982 and again from 1984 to 1986,and he was later the Permanent Representative to the United Nations on several occasions. He was the President of the United Nations General Assembly from September 2009 to September 2010.
The Arab League has 22 member states. It was founded in Cairo in March 1945 with six members:the Kingdom of Egypt,Kingdom of Iraq,Lebanon,Saudi Arabia,Syrian Republic,and Transjordan. North Yemen joined on 5 May 1945. Membership increased during the second half of the 20th century. Seven countries have observer status. The headquarters are located in Cairo,Egypt.
The First Libyan Civil War was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya which was fought between forces which were loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were seeking to oust his government. It erupted with the Libyan Revolution,also known as the 17 February Revolution. The war was preceded by protests in Zawiya on 8 August 2009 and finally ignited by protests in Benghazi beginning on Tuesday,15 February 2011,which led to clashes with security forces that fired on the crowd. The protests escalated into a rebellion that spread across the country,with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing an interim governing body,the National Transitional Council.
Abu Salim prison is a maximum security prison in Tripoli,Libya. The prison was notorious during the rule of Muammar Gaddafi for alleged mistreatment and human rights abuses,including a massacre in 1996 in which Human Rights Watch estimated that 1,270 prisoners were killed.
Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr,was the Libyan Minister of Defence during the rule of Muammar Gaddafi. His official position was Secretary of the Libyan General Interim Committee for Defence.
Abdul Fatah Younis Al-Obeidi was a senior military officer in Libya. He held the rank of Major General and the post of minister of interior,but resigned on 22 February 2011 to defect to the rebel side in what was to become the First Libyan Civil War. He was considered a key supporter of Muammar Gaddafi or even No. 2 in the Libyan government.
The National Transitional Council of Libya,sometimes known as the Transitional National Council,was the de facto government of Libya for a period during and after the Libyan Civil War,in which rebel forces overthrew the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya of Muammar Gaddafi. The NTC governed Libya for a period of ten months after the end of the war,holding elections to a General National Congress on 7 July 2012,and handing power to the newly elected assembly on 8 August.
Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally,also transcribed Jabril or Jebril or Gebril,was a Libyan politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months during the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the Libyan Civil War,chairing the executive board of the National Transitional Council (NTC) from 5 March to 23 October 2011. He also served as the Head of International Affairs. As of July 2012,Jibril was the head of one of the largest political parties in Libya,the National Forces Alliance.
Field Marshal Khalifa Belqasim Haftar is a Libyan-American politician,military officer,and the commander of the Tobruk-based Libyan National Army (LNA). On 2 March 2015,he was appointed commander of the armed forces loyal to the elected legislative body,the Libyan House of Representatives.
The Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was a title held by former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi,who claimed to be merely a symbolic figurehead of the country's official governance structure. However,critics have long described him as a demagogue,referring to his position as the de facto former political office,despite the Libyan state's denial of him holding any power.
The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) is a United Nations (UN) advanced mission in Libya,created in the aftermath of the Libyan Civil War. UNSMIL is a political mission,not a military mission. The main elements of its mandate defined by the UN include supporting Libyan transitional authorities in "post-conflict efforts",providing mediation in implementing Libyan political agreements,supporting key Libyan institutions and monitoring and reporting on human rights. UNSMIL is led by the UN Department of Political Affairs.
Following the end of the First Libyan Civil War,which overthrew Muammar Gaddafi,there was violence involving various militias and the new state security forces. This violence has escalated into the Second Libyan Civil War (2014–2020).
The Libyan National Army is a component of Libya's military forces which were nominally a unified national force under the command of Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar when he was nominated to the role on 2 March 2015 by the House of Representatives,consisting at the time of a ground force,an air force and a navy.
The Libyan Crisis refers to the current humanitarian crisis and political-military instability occurring in Libya,beginning with the Arab Spring protests of 2011,which led to a civil war,foreign military intervention,and the ousting and death of Muammar Gaddafi. The civil war's aftermath and proliferation of armed groups led to violence and instability across the country,which erupted into renewed civil war in 2014. The crisis in Libya has resulted in tens of thousands of casualties since the onset of violence in early 2011. During both civil wars,the output of Libya's economically crucial oil industry collapsed to a small fraction of its usual level,with most facilities blockaded or damaged by rival groups,despite having the largest oil reserves of any African country. U.S. President Barack Obama stated on 11 April 2016 that not preparing for a post-Gaddafi Libya was probably the "worst mistake" of his presidency. On October 23,2020,parties signed a permanent ceasefire.
The Zliten truck bombing occurred on 7 January 2016,when Islamist militants detonated a truck bomb at the police training camp al-Jahfal in the coastal town of Zliten,Libya. Libyan authorities said at least 60 policemen were killed and over 200 were wounded. Concrete buildings inside the compound were charred from the blast and their windows blown out;nearby cars were turned into black and twisted metal wrecks. The head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya,Martin Kobler,said the blast was a suicide attack.