Major General Mohamed Ahmed Fareed Al-Tuhami (Arabic :محمدفريدالتهامي;1947 –22 July 2024) was a former director of the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate (EGID). Fareed graduated from the Egyptian Military Academy in Cairo in 1967. He attended various training courses including the General Command and Staff Course. During his military career he served in leadership positions in the infantry and mechanical infantry,then became commander of a tactical formation,and was appointed General Director of the military intelligence and reconnaissance department (DIM) of Ministry of Defence (MoD). He has been described as a mentor to General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi,the current President of Egypt. [1]
In 2004,President Mubarak appointed him as the Head of the Administrative Control Authority (ACA),a governmental agency set up in 1964 which specialized in combating corruption. In September 2012,President Mohamed Morsi fired him,following reports that he was hiding evidence against former President Hosni Mubarak.
After the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état,acting president Adly Mansour announced on July 4,2013,that Fareed would be appointed the new Director of the General Intelligence,reportedly "one of the most powerful positions in Egypt", [1] replacing Mohamed Raafat Shehata. [2]
Critic Hossam Bahgat has complained that the claimed corruption charges against Fareed disappeared following the coup. [1] According to journalist David D. Kirkpatrick,critics describe him as an influential opponent of any reconciliation with the Muslim Brotherhood or Islamists,and claim that his return as signaling a "restoration" of the old pre-revolutionary order in Egypt. [1]
Fareed died on 22 July 2024. [3]
Mohamed Mostafa ElBaradei is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who served as the vice president of Egypt on an interim basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013.
Major General Mohamed Bey Naguib Youssef Qutb El-Qashlan,known simply as Mohamed Naguib,was an Egyptian military officer and revolutionary who,along with Gamal Abdel Nasser,was one of the two principal leaders of the Free Officers movement of 1952 that toppled the monarchy of Egypt and the Sudan,leading to the establishment of the Republic of Egypt.
The Muslim Brotherhood is an Islamic organization that was founded in Ismailia,Egypt by Hassan al-Banna in March 1928 as an Islamist religious,political,and social movement. The group spread to other Muslim countries but has its largest,or one of its largest,organizations in Egypt,where for many years it has been the largest,best-organized,and most disciplined political opposition force,despite a succession of government crackdowns in 1948,1954,1965 after plots,or alleged plots,of assassination and overthrow were uncovered. Following the 2011 Revolution the group was legalized,and in April 2011 it launched a civic political party called the Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt) to contest elections,including the 2012 presidential election when its candidate Mohamed Morsi became Egypt's first democratically elected president. One year later,however,following massive demonstrations,Morsi was overthrown by the military and arrested. As of 2014,the organization has been declared a terrorist group by Russia,Egypt,UAE,Saudi Arabia and is once again suffering a severe crackdown.
The General Intelligence Service,often referred to as the Mukhabarat is an Egyptian intelligence agency responsible for providing national security intelligence,both domestically and internationally. The GIS is part of the Egyptian intelligence community,together with the Office of Military Intelligence Services and Reconnaissance and National Security Agency.
Air Marshal Ahmed Mohamed Shafik Zaki is an Egyptian politician and former presidential candidate. He was a senior commander in the Egyptian Air Force and later served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 29 January 2011 to 3 March 2011 under Hosni Mubarak.
Mohamed Safwat El Sherif was an Egyptian politician who served as chairman of the State Information Service,minister of information,speaker of the Egyptian Shura Council,and secretary general of the ruling National Democratic Party,and head of the Supreme Press Council.
Presidential elections were held in Egypt in 2012,with the first round on 23 and 24 May 2012 and the second on 16 and 17 June. They were the first democratic presidential elections in Egyptian history. The Muslim Brotherhood declared early 18 June 2012,that its candidate,Mohamed Morsi,won Egypt's presidential election,which would be the first victory of an Islamist as head of state in the Arab world. It was the second presidential election in Egypt's history with more than one candidate,following the 2005 election,and the first presidential election after the 2011 Egyptian revolution which ousted president Hosni Mubarak,during the Arab Spring. However,Morsi's presidency was brief and short-lived. He later faced massive protests for and against his rule,only to be ousted in a military coup in July that year.
Mohamed Elbeltagy is an Egyptian physician,professor at Al-Azhar university and Muslim Brotherhood politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 2005 to 2010 and 2011 to 2012,and constitute assembly 2012. Currently the general secretary of the Freedom and Justice Party.
The 2011 Egyptian revolution,also known as the 25 January Revolution,began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "Police holiday" as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of Hosni Mubarak's presidency. It consisted of demonstrations,marches,occupations of plazas,non-violent civil resistance,acts of civil disobedience and strikes. Millions of protesters from a range of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and over 6,000 injured. Protesters retaliated by burning over 90 police stations across the country.
Mourad Mouwafi or Muwafi is an Egyptian politician and major-general. Mouwafi was also the governor of Northern Sinai during a 2011 uprising in the region. He was appointed the Director of the Egyptian Intelligence shortly before the end of the Mubarak regime. He was dismissed by former President Mohamed Morsi from the position on 8 August 2012.
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces is a statutory body of between 20 and 25 senior officers of the Egyptian Armed Forces,and is headed by Field Marshal Abdel Fattah еl-Sisi and Lieutenant General Abdel Mageed Saqr. The council is convened only in cases of war or great internal emergencies. It’s the body that de facto rules Egypt since 1952,except the 2011-2013 era.
The Egyptian Crisis was a period that started with the Egyptian revolution of 2011 and ended with the beginning of the presidency of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in 2014. It was a tumultuous three years of political and social unrest,characterized by mass protests,a series of popular elections,deadly clashes,and military reinforcement. The events have had a lasting effect on the country's current course,its political system and its society.
Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa al-Ayyat was an Egyptian politician,engineer,and professor who was the fifth president of Egypt,from 2012 to 2013,when General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removed him from office in a coup d'état after protests in June. An Islamist affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood organization,Morsi led the Freedom and Justice Party from 2011 to 2012.
Mohammed Khairat Saad el-Shater is an Egyptian engineer,businessman and Islamist political activist. A leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood,as the Deputy Supreme Guide,el-Shater was the initial candidate of the movement's Freedom and Justice Party during the 2012 Egyptian presidential election before being disqualified by the election commission. Previously,he was the deputy chairman of the Brotherhood.
Following the 2011 Egyptian revolution,the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt became one of the main forces contending for political power in Egypt against the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) and other established centers of the former Hosni Mubarak regime.
Abd el-Fattah el-Sisi is an Egyptian politician and retired military officer who has been serving as the sixth and current president of Egypt since 2014. Before retiring as a general in the Egyptian military in 2014,Sisi served as Egypt's deputy prime minister from 2013 to 2014,minister of defense from 2012 to 2013,and director of military intelligence from 2010 to 2012. He was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in January 2014.
Mohamed Raafat Shehata Abdel Wahed is an Egyptian major general,soldier,and intelligence officer.
Mohamed Fawzi was an Egyptian general and politician who served as minister of war between 1968 and 1971.
Protests against the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état erupted in July 2013. Immediately following the removal of President Mohamed Morsi by the Egyptian Armed Forces on 3 July 2013 amid demonstrations against Morsi's rule,many protesters amassed near the Rabia Al-Adawiya Mosque to call for Morsi's return to power and condemn the military,while others demonstrated in support of the military and interim government. Deadly clashes such as Rabaa massacre continued for several days,with three particularly bloody incidents being described by officials as "massacres" perpetrated by security forces. During the month of Ramadan,prime minister Hazem al-Beblawy threatened to disperse the ongoing Pro-Morsi sit-ins in Rabaa al-Adaweya square and al-Nahda square. The government crackdown of these protests occurred in a violent dispersal on 14 August 2013. In mid-August,the violence directed by the army towards the protesters escalated,with hundreds killed,and the government declaring a month-long nighttime curfew.
Hisham Muhammad Zaki Barakat was Prosecutor General of Egypt from 2013 to 2015. During his term as state prosecutor,he was responsible for thousands of controversial prosecutions,including several widely deemed politically motivated resulting in death sentences for hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood members and supporters of deposed Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi. He was assassinated in a car bombing on 29 June 2015.
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