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The government of Afghanistan is currently disputed following the effective collapse of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan during the fall of Kabul to Taliban forces on 15 August 2021 and the subsequent re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan which now exercises de facto control over most of the country. On 7 September 2021 the Taliban officials in de facto control of most of Afghanistan announced a new interim government headed by Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund as Prime Minister. The government is subject to the oversight of the Taliban's Supreme Leader,Haibatullah Akhundzada. As of 8 September 2021,the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has not yet been formally recognized as the de jure government of Afghanistan by any other country. The representatives appointed by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan continue to represent the country at the United Nations. These representatives have refused to recognize the Taliban appointed government and have urged other countries to not recognize this government either.
Hamid Karzai is an Afghan statesman who served as the fourth president of Afghanistan from July 2002 to September 2014,including as the first elected president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan from December 2004 to September 2014. He previously served as Chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration from December 2001 to July 2002. He is the chief (khān) of the Popalzai Durrani tribe of Pashtuns in Kandahar Province.
Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai is an Afghan politician,academic,and economist who served as the president of Afghanistan from September 2014 until August 2021,when his government was overthrown by the Taliban.
A jirga is an assembly of leaders that makes decisions by consensus according to Pashtunwali,the Pashtun social code. It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns,but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.
This article gives information on elections in Afghanistan.
The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA),also known as the Afghan Transitional Authority,was the name of a temporary administration of Afghanistan put in place by the loya jirga of June 2002. It succeeded the original Islamic State of Afghanistan and preceded the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021).
The Cabinet of Afghanistan is the administrative body of the government of Afghanistan,responsible for day-to-day governance and the implementation of policy set by the Leadership. It is headed by the prime minister—who serves as the nation's head of government—and his deputies,and consists of the heads and deputy heads of the government ministries.
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi was an Afghan politician,who served as Acting President after the fall of Mohammad Najibullah's government in April 1992. He was the first leader to call for armed resistance against the Soviet-backed regime in 1979 and founded the Afghan National Liberation Front at the time;later becoming a respected figure among the various Afghan mujahideen. He served as the chairman of the 2003 loya jirga that approved Afghanistan's new constitution. In 2005,he was appointed chairman of the Meshrano Jirga,upper house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan,and was reappointed as a member in 2011. He also served on the Afghan High Peace Council. Mojaddedi is considered to have been a moderate Muslim leader.
The National Assembly,also known as the Parliament of Afghanistan or simply as the Afghan Parliament,was the legislature of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. It was effectively dissolved when the Taliban seized power on 15 August 2021,and transferred legislative authority to the Leadership Council. The Taliban did not include the National Assembly and several other agencies of the former government in its first national budget in May 2022. Government spokesman Innamullah Samangani said that due to the financial crisis,only active agencies were included in the budget,and the excluded ones had been dissolved,but noted they could be brought back "if needed". It was a bicameral body,comprising two chambers:
Hashmat Ghani Ahmadzai commonly referred to as Hashmat Ghani,is an Afghan politician who is the Grand Council Chieftain of the Kuchis.
Abdullah Abdullah is an Afghan politician who led the High Council for National Reconciliation (HCNR) from May 2020 until August 2021,when the Afghan government was overthrown by the Taliban. The council had been established to facilitate peace talks between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Taliban insurgents. Abdullah served as the Chief Executive of Afghanistan from September 2014 to March 2020,and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from December 2001 to April 2005. Prior to that,he was a senior member of the Northern Alliance,working as an adviser to Ahmad Shah Massoud. He worked as an ophthalmologist and medical doctor in the 1980s.
Parliamentary elections were held in Afghanistan on 18 September 2010 to elect members of the House of the People. The Afghan Independent Election Commission - established in accordance with the article 156 of the Constitution of Afghanistan for the purpose of organizing and supervising all elections in the country - postponed the poll from its original date of 22 May to September 18.
The Karzai administration was the government of Afghanistan under President Hamid Karzai,who became the head of state of Afghanistan in December 2001 after the Taliban government was overthrown. Karzai was appointed at the 2002 Loya Jirga as the Interim President of the Afghan Transitional Administration. After the 2004 Afghan presidential election,he became the President of Afghanistan.
Engineer Muhammad Arif Sarwari,also known simply as Engineer Arif,is a former Afghan intelligence official and politician.
Mohammad Daoud Sultanzoy,is an Afghan politician,pilot and television presenter who served as Mayor of Kabul from 2020 to 2021;the Fall of Kabul (2021) occurred during his incumbency. He was previously elected to represent Ghazni Province in Wolesi Jirga,the lower house of its National Legislature,in 2005. He is a Pashtun from the Ghilzai tribe. He was spokesperson of Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai during 2019 elections.
The Afghanistan conflict is a series of events and wars that have kept Afghanistan in a continuous state of armed conflict since 1978. The country's instability began during the time of the Republic of Afghanistan in the 1970s,which had been established following the collapse of the Kingdom of Afghanistan in the 1973 coup d'état;with the overthrow of Afghan monarch Mohammed Zahir Shah,who reigned for almost forty years,Afghanistan’s relatively peaceful period in modern history came to an end. The triggering event for the ongoing Afghanistan conflict was the Saur Revolution of 1978,which overthrew the Republic of Afghanistan and established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Rampant post-revolution fighting across the country ultimately led to a pro-government military intervention by the Soviet Union,sparking the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s.
Habib Mangal is an Afghan citizen who was a candidate in Afghanistan's 2009 Presidential elections.
Mohammad Omar Samim was selected to represent Herat Province in Afghanistan's Meshrano Jirga,the upper house of its National Legislature,in 2005. A report on Herat prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated he attended the Wazir Fatah Khan High School,and then,between 1979 and 1985 he earned a medical degree at Kabul University.
Abbas Noyan is an ethnic Hazara politician. He is Afghanistan's ambassador to Sweden,from the Islamic Republic that fell in August 2021 to the Taliban. Previously he served as a Member of Parliament to Wolesi Jirga,the lower house,representing the people of Kabul province from 2005 to 2010. In 2005,he ranked seventh among candidates from Kabul province,quickly rising to one of the most prominent and active representatives at the Wolesi Jirga. During his tenure,he advocated for women's rights,education for all,a responsive and accountable government,and a strong rule of law. Noyan has worked across ethnic and sectarian divides in representing his constituents,and sought to bridge those divides by establishing a multi-ethnic political party.
Uprising for Change is an Afghan civil disobedience movement that started with tent sit-ins in central Kabul in June 2017 in response to the 31 May 2017 Kabul bombing,the killing of protestors by Afghan security forces on 2 June,the 3 June suicide bombings at a funeral of one of the 2 June victims,and subsequent police violence. On 11 June 2017,the commander of the Kabul Garrison,Ahmadzai,and Kabul police chief Hassan Shah Frogh were suspended from duty following the protests. In March 2018,Uprising for Change called for the Afghan government to be replaced by a six-month interim government.
References
- 1 2 "Upper House". meshran.website.
- ↑ "Kabul Protest: Son of First Deputy Chairman of Senate died of Wounds - Ariana News". Ariana News. Retrieved 2 June 2017.