Mohammed Khalid Roashan (born 21 October 1923) was an Afghan politician and journalist.
Mohammed Khalid Roashan (born 21 October 1923) was an Afghan politician and journalist.
Roashan was born on 21 October 1923. [1] He graduated from the Habibia High School and the Kabul University College of Letters. [1] He was a member of the Ariana Encyclopedia Department between 1943 and 1944. [1] Roashan worked as an editorial board member of the daily newspaper Anis between 1947 and 1948. [1]
He went on to pursue studies in the United States, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism from the University of Nebraska in 1950 and a Master of Arts degree in journalism from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1953. [1] [2] His thesis at UCLA was titled The Anglo-Indian oil dispute and the American press. [2] In 1952 he was a member of the Foreign Publications Section at the Afghan Department of Press and Information. [1]
Having returned to Afghanistan, Roashan served as editor of Anis between 1953 and 1956. [1] Between 1956 and 1957 he served as Director-General of the Department of Press and Information. [1] He was then sent to London, where he worked as an information officer at the Royal Afghan Embassy to the United Kingdom between 1957 and 1960. [1] [3] In 1960 he was named President of the Bakhtar News Agency. [1] Between 1961 and 1963 he served as Vice President of the Department of Press and Information. [1] He also gave classes in Journalism at Kabul University. [1] He edited English-language publications such as Afghanistan-Ariana issued from Kabul and Afghanistan News issued from London. [1] [4]
Roashan completed military service in 1964. [1] In 1964 he helped draft the Afghan constitution. [5] The following year he was appointed Deputy Minister of Press and Information. [1] He helped draft legislation allowing liberalization of the Afghan press in 1965. [5]
Roashan was appointed as President of the Department of Tribal Affairs (a cabinet minister position) on 1 December 1965, placed in charge of the entity dealing with health, education and social development issues among the tribes in southern Afghanistan. [1] [6] He served in this role as a member of the Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal cabinet until 12 October 1967. [7] [8] [9]
Roashan was appointed Deputy Minister of Information and Culture on 18 May 1968. [1] He remained in this post as of 1973, but his tenure in the national government ended with the fall of the monarchy. [10] [11] [5]
Roashan left Afghanistan in 1979. [5] He eventually returned to the United States, and settled down in Kirkland, Washington. [5] As of 1988, Roashan was the president of the Afghan-American Cultural Association in Seattle. [12]
Mohammad Daoud Khan, also romanized as Daud Khan or Dawood Khan, was an Afghan politician who served as prime minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963 and, as leader of the 1973 Afghan coup d'état which overthrew the monarchy, served as the first president of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in the Saur Revolution.
The following lists events that happened during 1966 in Afghanistan.
Kandahār is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southern part of the country, sharing a border with Pakistan, to the south. It is surrounded by Helmand in the west, Uruzgan in the north and Zabul Province in the east. Its capital is the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan's second largest city, which is located on the Arghandab River. The greater region surrounding the province is called Loy Kandahar. The Emir of Afghanistan sends orders to Kabul from Kandahar making it the de facto capital of Afghanistan, although the main government body operates in Kabul. All meetings with the Emir take place in Kandahar, meetings excluding the Emir are in Kabul.
Kabul University is one of the major and oldest institutions of higher education in Afghanistan. It is in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul, near the Ministry of Higher Education. It was founded in 1931 by King Mohammed Nadir Shah, whose prime minister at the time was his younger brother, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan.
Kabul International Airport is located about five kilometres (3 mi) from the center of Kabul in Afghanistan. It is owned by the Government of Afghanistan and operated by UAE-based GAAC Holding on behalf of the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation. It serves as one of the nation's main international airports, capable of housing over one hundred aircraft. It was locally named as Khwaja Rawash Airport. The airport was renamed in 2014 in honor of former President Hamid Karzai. The decision was made by the National Assembly of Afghanistan and the Cabinet of the then President Ashraf Ghani. It was given its current name in 2021 by the Taliban.
Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal was an Afghan politician during the reign of Zahir Shah.
The Council of Ministers of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the executive body of the government of Afghanistan, responsible for day-to-day governance and the implementation of policy set by the Leadership. It is headed by the prime minister—who serves as the nation's head of government—and his deputies, and consists of the heads and deputy heads of the government ministries.
The Ministry of Interior Affairs is the cabinet ministry of Afghanistan responsible for law enforcement, civil order and fighting crime. The ministry's headquarters is located in Kabul.
The following lists events that happened during 1963 in Afghanistan.
The following lists events that happened during 1967 in Afghanistan.
The mass media in Afghanistan is monitored by the Ministry of Information and Culture (MoIC), and includes broadcasting, digital and printing. It is mainly in Dari and Pashto, the official languages of the nation. It was reported in 2019 that Afghanistan had over 107 TV stations and 284 radio stations, including 100s of print media and over 1,800 online media outlets. After the return of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) in 2021, there was a concern that the mass media will significantly decrease in the country. The number of digital media outlets is steadily increasing with the help of Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, YouTube, and other such online platforms. IEA's spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid suggested that the media should be in line with Sharia and national interests.
Habibia High School is a school in Kabul, Afghanistan which has educated many of the former and current Afghan elite, including former Presidents Ashraf Ghani and Hamid Karzai, as well as musician Ahmad Zahir. It was founded by King Habibullah Khan in 1903 and is considered one of the oldest Schools In Afghanistan. It is situated in the south of the city in a district known as Karteh Seh.
Masuma Esmati-Wardak was an Afghan writer and politician. She was jointly one of the first women to serve in the Afghan parliament and served as Minister of Education.
Mohammad Yousef Pashtun is an Afghan technocrat and politician. He served as Minister of Urban Development and Housing for two terms and as Governor of Kandahar province in 2003, replacing Gul Agha Sherzai under President Hamid Karzai's administration. In 2010, he was appointed as Senior Adviser to President Karzai on Construction, Mines, Water & Energy. In 2014, minister Pashtun continued to serve as Senior Adviser to President Ashraf Ghani. Yِousef Pashtun is also chairing the Kabul New City Development Authority Board.
Parliamentary elections were held in Afghanistan in August and September 1965. Members of the Senate were elected between 26 August and 7 September, and members of the House of the People elected between 10 and 26 September. Following the introduction of women's suffrage in the 1964 constitution, four women were elected to the House of People and two became members of the Senate.
Kubra Noorzai (1932–1986) was an Afghan politician. She was the first woman to become a government minister in the country, serving as Minister of Public Health between 1965 and 1969.
Mohammad Moeen Marastial is an Afghan politician who served as a Member of Parliament in Wolesi Jirga, the lower house, representing the people of Afghanistan from 2003 to 2009. During his incumbency, he advocated for education for all, a receptive and accountable government, focusing on the best interests of the nation and a strong rule of law.
Hafiz Sahar (1928–1982) was an academic scholar, educator, author, Fulbright Scholar, and Professor of Journalism in both Afghanistan and United States Universities. He was Editor-in-Chief of Eslah national newspaper of Afghanistan, Director of Broadcasting Radio Afghanistan, General Director of International Relations and Faculty of Department of Communications and Journalism and Department of Law in Kabul University. He was a champion of free speech/press and human rights as well as a strong advocate of bringing Television in Afghanistan.
Faiz Muhammad was a prominent Afghan statesman and a Lieutenant Colonel in the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, being a former ambassador to Indonesia and Iraq. He was also head of the Operation Department of the 444th Commando Battalion, Minister of the Interior of Afghanistan and Minister of Border Affairs of Afghanistan.