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In baseball,an at bat (AB) or time at bat is a batter's turn batting against a pitcher. An at bat is different from a plate appearance. A batter is credited with a plate appearance regardless of what happens during their turn at bat,but a batter is credited with an at bat only if that plate appearance does not have one of the results enumerated below. While at bats are used to calculate certain statistics,including batting average and slugging percentage,a player can qualify for the season-ending rankings in these categories only if they accumulate 502 plate appearances during the season.
Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams,typically of nine players each,that take turns batting and fielding. The game proceeds when a player on the fielding team,called the pitcher,throws a ball which a player on the batting team tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team is to hit the ball into the field of play,allowing its players to run the bases,having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called "runs". The objective of the defensive team is to prevent batters from becoming runners,and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate. The team that scores the most runs by the end of the game is the winner.
The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931,it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). Until 2020,the winners received the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award,which became the official name of the award in 1944,in honor of the first MLB commissioner,Kenesaw Mountain Landis,who served from 1920 until his death on November 25,1944. Starting in 2020,Landis’name no longer appeared on the MVP trophy after the BBWAA received complaints from several former MVP winners about the late Commissioner’s role against integration of MLB.
The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is a history museum and hall of fame in Cooperstown,New York,operated by private interests. It serves as the central point of the history of baseball in the United States and displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits,honoring those who have excelled in playing,managing,and serving the sport. The Hall's motto is "Preserving History,Honoring Excellence,Connecting Generations". Cooperstown is often used as shorthand for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum,similar to "Canton" for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton,Ohio.
Jack Roosevelt Robinson was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15,1947. When the Dodgers signed Robinson,it heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.
Tyrus Raymond Cobb,nicknamed "The Georgia Peach",was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He was born in rural Narrows,Georgia. Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers,the last six as the team's player-manager,and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1936,Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot,receiving 222 out of a possible 226 votes (98.2%);no other player received a higher percentage of votes until Tom Seaver in 1992. In 1999,the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb third on their list of "Baseball's 100 Greatest Players."
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. As of 2022,a total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball—15 teams in the National League (NL) and 15 in the American League (AL)—with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. The NL and AL were formed in 1876 and 1901,respectively. Beginning in 1903,the two leagues signed the National Agreement and cooperated but remained legally separate entities until 2000 when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan.
The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans and,to a lesser extent,Latin Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the seven relatively successful leagues beginning in 1920 that are sometimes termed "Negro Major Leagues".
Nippon Professional Baseball or NPB is the highest level of baseball in Japan. Locally,it is often called Puro Yakyū (プロ野球),meaning Professional Baseball.
William Lamar Beane III is an American former professional baseball player and current front office executive. He is the executive vice president of baseball operations and minority owner of the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB);he is also minority owner of Barnsley FC of the EFL Championship in England and AZ Alkmaar of the Eredivisie in the Netherlands. From 1984 to 1989 he played in MLB as an outfielder for the New York Mets,Minnesota Twins,Detroit Tigers,and Oakland Athletics. He joined the Athletics' front office as a scout in 1990,was named general manager after the 1997 season,and was promoted to executive vice president after the 2015 season.
Sporting News is a website and former magazine publication owned by Sporting News Holdings,which is a U.S.-based sports media company formed in December 2020 by a private investor consortium.
Professional baseball is organized baseball in which players are selected for their talents and are paid to play for a specific team or club system. It is played in leagues and associated farm teams throughout the world.
College baseball is baseball that is played on the intercollegiate level at institutions of higher education. In comparison to football and basketball,college competition in the United States plays a smaller role in developing professional players,as baseball's professional minor leagues are more extensive,with a greater history of supplying players to the MLB. Moving directly from high school to the professional level is more common in baseball than in football or basketball. However,if players do opt to enroll at a four-year college to play baseball,they must complete three years to regain professional eligibility,unless they reach age 21 before starting their third year of college. Players who enroll at junior colleges regain eligibility after one year at that level. In the 2020 season,which was abbreviated due to the COVID-19 pandemic,there were 300 NCAA Division I teams in the United States.
Collegiate summer baseball leagues are amateur baseball leagues in the United States and Canada featuring players who have attended at least one year of college and have at least one year of athletic eligibility remaining. Generally,they operate from early June to early August. In contrast to college baseball,which allow aluminum or other composite baseball bats,players in these leagues use only wooden bats,hence the common nickname of these leagues as "wood-bat leagues". Collegiate summer leagues allow college baseball players the ability to compete using professional rules and equipment,giving them experience and allowing professional scouts the opportunity to observe players under such conditions.
Baseball was popularized in Cuba by Nemesio Guillot,who founded the first major baseball club in the country. It became the most played sport in the country in the 1870s,before the period of American intervention.
Baseball-Reference is a website providing baseball statistics for every player in Major League Baseball history. The site is often used by major media organizations and baseball broadcasters as a source for statistics. It offers a variety of advanced baseball sabermetrics in addition to traditional baseball "counting stats".
In baseball,batting average (BA) is determined by dividing a player's hits by his total at-bats. It is usually rounded to three decimal places and read without the decimal:A player with a batting average of .300 is "batting three-hundred". If necessary to break ties,batting averages could be taken beyond the .001 measurement. In this context,.001 is considered a "point",such that a .235 batter is 5 points higher than a .230 batter.
The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Since the 2006 season,the Cardinals have played their home games at Busch Stadium in downtown St. Louis. One of the nation's oldest and most successful professional baseball clubs,the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships,the most of any NL team and second in MLB only to the New York Yankees. The team has won 19 National League pennants,third-most of any team. St. Louis has also won 14 division titles in the East and Central divisions.
Minor League Baseball (MiLB) is a hierarchy of professional baseball minor leagues in the Americas that compete at levels below Major League Baseball (MLB) and help prepare players to join major league teams. Those teams which are affiliated with MLB teams operate under the Commissioner of Baseball within the scope of organized baseball. Several leagues,known as independent baseball leagues,consist of teams with no affiliation to MLB teams.
References
- ↑ Nemec, David (2012). The Rank and File of 19th Century Major League Baseball: Biographies of 1,084 Players, Owners, Managers and Umpires. McFarland. p. 207. ISBN 9780786490448 . Retrieved April 5, 2020.
